Extra (cricket)
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In the sport of cricket, an extra is a run scored by a means other than a batsman hitting the ball. Extras are also sometimes called sundries. Extras are added to the batting team's score, but are not added to any individual batsman's score.
Other than runs scored off the bat from a no ball, a batsman is not given credit for extras and the extras are tallied separately on the scorecard. A game with many extras is often considered as untidy bowling, the opposite are considered tidy bowling.
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[edit] Types of extra
[edit] No ball
An umpire may call a no ball when the bowler, wicket-keeper, or fielder commits an illegal action during bowling.
The most common reason for a no ball is overstepping the popping crease for the front foot at the instant of delivery. A rarer reason is when the bowler's back foot touches or lands outside the return crease. A third reason for calling a no ball is when a bowler throws (or chucks) the ball. This has caused a lot of international controversy in recent times. The penalty for a no ball is one run (or, in some one-day competitions, two runs, and/or a "free hit"); furthermore, the no ball does not count as one of the six in an over but it counts as a ball faced by the batsman as far as his personal statistics are concerned. The runs otherwise scored by the batsman, whether by running or by a boundary, also count as part of the team score, but only runs scored off the bat are included in the batsman's score.
For every no-ball bowled, an extra ball is added to the number of balls in that over.
These days a no ball is scored against the bowler, since this makes the bowling statistics more accurate.
See no ball for a complete list of no ball situations.
[edit] Wide
A ball being delivered too far from the batsman to strike it, provided that no part of the batsman's body or equipment touches the ball, is known as a wide (the definition of what counts as wide is far more strict in a limited overs match, because bowling unplayable balls would be a way to "waste" the batting team's innings).
A wide is penalized one run; a wide also does not count as one of the six in an over. However, if a no ball is called, the ball is not also counted as a wide. The runs otherwise scored by the batsman, whether by running or by a boundary, also count as part of the score. (Note that the batsman need not strike the ball to run.)
For every wide bowled, an extra ball is added to the number of balls in that over.
In modern cricket a wide is scored against the bowler.
[edit] Bye
If the ball is not struck by the batsmans' bat (or connect with any part of the batsmans' body), and the ball is adjudged a fair ball, the batsmen may run. In this case, the runs are scored as byes. A common example of this is a wicketkeeper missing a delivery with heavy spin and/or bounce, which then goes behind the wicketkeeper. In the modern game a bye is scored against the wicket keeper.
[edit] Leg bye
If the ball hits the batsman's body, then provided the batsman is not out leg before wicket (lbw) and the batsman either tried to avoid being hit or tried to hit the ball with the bat, the batsman may run. In this case, regardless of the part of anatomy touched by the ball, the runs scored are known as leg byes.
Leg byes are not scored against the bowler or the wicket keeper, because they are not their fault and occur at random.
[edit] Penalty runs
As well as the runs scored as penalties for no balls and wides, since the changes to the laws in 2000, 5 penalty runs may be awarded for rarer breaches of the laws:
- Fielders in potentially dangerous positions can use protective headgear. For convenience, when a helmet is not being used (for example if the field is set so that all fielders are a distance from the batsman) it can be placed on the ground behind the wicketkeeper. If the ball touches this helmet as it is lying on the ground, five penalty runs are awarded to the batting side.
- Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team if a fielder fields the ball other than with his person (for example, using a cap or other item of clothing) or if the ball is touched by a fielder who has returned to the field without the umpire's permission.
- Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team if the umpires decide that the fielding team have illegally changed the condition of the ball.
- Five penalty runs may also be awarded to the batting team if the fielding team deliberately distract or obstruct the batsman. (If the distraction or obstruction occurs before the striker receives the ball, the fielding team must first receive a warning, however penalty runs are awarded for the first instance of such an infringement after the striker has received the ball.)
- If, after having been warned, the fielding team damage the protected area of the pitch or deliberately waste time between overs, five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team.
- Five penalty runs may instead be awarded to the fielding side if the batting team attempt to "steal" a run or run short, deliberately waste time after having been warned, or damage the protected area of the pitch after two warnings.
The penalty runs are added to the fielding team's score in their previous innings, unless they have not yet batted, in which case the runs are added to their next innings.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
- The official laws of cricket
