Exquisite corpse

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An example of graphical exquisite corpse

For other uses, see Exquisite corpse (disambiguation).

Exquisite corpse (also known as "exquisite cadaver" or "rotating corpse") is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled, the result being known as the exquisite corpse or cadavre exquis in French. Each collaborator adds to a composition in sequence, either by following a rule (e.g. "The adjective noun adverb verb the adjective noun") or by being allowed to see the end of what the previous person contributed.

1 History
2 Variations
3 Notes
4 External links

[edit] History

The technique was invented by Surrealists in 1925, and is similar to an old parlour game called Consequences in which players write in turn on a sheet of paper, fold it to conceal part of the writing, and then pass it to the next player for a further contribution. Henry Miller often partook of the game to pass time in French cafes during the 1930s.

Later the game was adapted to drawing and collage, producing a result similar to children's books in which the pages were cut into thirds, the top third pages showing the head of a person or animal, the middle third the torso, and the bottom third the legs, with children having the ability to "mix and match" by turning pages. (Eric Carle's book The Very Hungry Caterpillar is one example.) It has also been played by mailing a drawing or collage — in progressive stages of completion — to the players, and this variation is known as "exquisite corpse by airmail", or "mail art," depending on whether the game travels by airmail or not.

The name is derived from a phrase that resulted when Surrealists first played the game, "Le cadavre exquis boira le vin nouveau." ("The exquisite corpse will drink the new wine.")^[1]^[2]

[edit] Variations

Some have played the graphic game with a more or less vague or general prior agreement about what the resulting picture will be (though such application of reason makes the exercise not strictly a surrealist one).

The game of exquisite corpse has been adapted to be played using computer graphics, the construction of Surrealist objects, and even an adaptation to architecture has been proposed. The technique has also been used in making at least one Doom level [1], and at NYU in making films [2].

A 3d exquisite corpse

In music, the composers Virgil Thomson, John Cage, and Lou Harrison (among others) collaborated on Exquisite Corpse pieces, where each composer would only be privy to one measure of music.

"Totems Without Taboos," organized by the Chicago Surrealist Group at the Heartland Cafe in Chicago, was the first exhibition of exquisite corpses in the United States.

The San Francisco Cacophony Society performed the exquisite corpse game using a theater full of people with banks of typewriters.

A Film exquisite corpse

Mysterious Object at Noon, an experimental 2000 Thai feature film directed by Apichatpong Weerasethakul was inspired by the exquisite corpse game. The film, shot on 16 mm over 3 years in varied locations in Thailand, featured Weerasethakul (or assistants) soliciting improvised extensions to a scenario improvised by a woman appearing early in the film. Weerasethakul then assembled the results into a 'feature film'. In the Montreal World Film Festival of 2006, a group of ten film directors, scriptwriters and professional musicians took the concept to a new level with the fusion of the art of film-making and song-writing: Cadavre Exquis première édition. This idea was proposed by Adrien Lorion, David-Etienne and Michel Laroche.

The stage production Hedwig and the Angry Inch and its film adaptation heavily utilize the exquisite corpse format as a symbol. Near the end of the play/film, as the already bizarre story reaches its most surreal point, Hedwig begins reminiscing about all the relationships and events in her life that have made her feel "cut...up into parts", with pieces going to various important people. The following song asserts that now, however, she has "sewn up" or reconstructed herself, recovered, and become whole, though as a patchwork of sorts ("tornado body and a hand grenade head, and the legs are two lovers entwined"). The lyrics actually contain the term "exquisite corpse", which is also its title. Indeed, the whole tale is a developed exploration of the exquisite corpse concept, examining it via several themes: heavy influence from Plato's Symposium, suggesting that individual lovers are two incomplete parts of a whole; the impact of each relationship in an individual's life; genital alterations related to sex change; and the concept of gender, particularly nonbinary gender, as a construction of components from various sexual identities, combined in a way that results in a unique individual.

The 1984 movie Anijam by Marv Newland featured the work of 22 animators. Each successive animator received the last frame of the previous animator's sequence. None of the animators had any idea of the action in the preceding sequences or the order of their sequence within the completed film.

A more recent film, The Orange Thief, was made using the exquisite corpse technique. The film makers knew of each other's daily scenes only after they were shot and edited, and then worked on a subsequent scene to bolster the previous. This film can be seen online at PAHfest.com.

Little Minx Exquisite Corpse Series

In Late 2007, Littleminx.tv and IDEALOGUE Idealogue.com released a series of five short films by emerging directors Laurent Briet, Chris Nelson, Malik Hassan Sayeed, Josh Miller and Phillip Van. Little Minx, a division of RSA films, created the series to highlight the work of these commercial directors. Designed in conjunction with digital studio Idealogue, the directors had two rules: 1) Respond to the last line of text from the previous director's script and 2) Define a "Little Minx."

The films in the series are as follows:

- "With the Eyes of Every Man Riveted Upon Her" by Laurent Briet

- "She Turns Back and Faces Forward, At Peace" by Chris Nelson

- "She Walked Calmly, Disappearing Into the Darkness" by Malik Hassan Sayeed

- "Without Missing a Beat, She Asks, 'Waffles for Breakfast?'" by Josh Miller

- "And She Stares Longingly At What She Has Lost." by Phillip Van

[edit] Notes

^ Breton, André (1948-10-07), Le Cadavre Exquis: Son Exaltation exhibition catalogue, La Dragonne, Galerie Nina Dausset, Paris (October 7-30).
^ Brotchie, Alastair; Mel Gooding (1991). Surrealist Games. London: Redstone Press, pp. 143-144. ISBN 1-870003-21-7.

[edit] External links

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The text-based game:

Language Is A Virus Includes online writing games: exquisite corpse, exquisite cadavulator, cut up machines, automatic poetry...
An internet-based version of the game written in Java
The Sentence Game another internet based game, a rather free game play variaton
Cadavre - stories generated automatically (English, German and Russian)
Instructions for playing the game on paper

The image-based game: