Edward Butler (inventor)
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Edward Butler (1862, England - ??) was an English inventor who produced an early three-wheeled automobile, the Butler Petrol Cycle, which is accepted by many as the first British car.
Butler showed plans for his three-wheeled vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884, two years earlier than Karl Benz, who is generally recognized as the inventor of the modern automobile. Butler's vehicle was also the first design to be shown at the 1885 Inventions Exhibition, also in London.
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[edit] The Butler Petrol Cycle
Built by the Merryweather Fire Engine company in Greenwich, in 1888,[1] the Butler Petrol Cycle (first recorded use of the term)[2] was a three-wheeled vehicle, with the rear wheel directly driven by a 5/8hp (466W) 650 cc (40 in3; 2¼×5-inch {57×127-mm})[3] flat twin four stroke engine (with magneto ignition replaced by coil and battery),[4] equipped with rotary valves and a float-fed carburettor (five years before Maybach),[5] and Ackermann steering,[6] all of which were state of the art at the time. Starting was by compressed air.[7] The engine was liquid-cooled, with a radiator over the rear driving wheel. Speed was controlled by means of a throttle valve lever. No braking system was fitted; the vehicle was stopped by raising and lowering the rear driving wheel using a foot-operated lever; the weight of the machine was then borne by two small castor wheels. The driver was seated between the front wheels.[8]
The vehicle featured in an article in the 1891-02-14 issue of Scientific American, where it was stated that one gallon of fuel in the form of petroleum or benzolene could propel the vehicle for forty miles (5.9 L/100km) at a speed of 3-10 mph (5-16 km/h).
Butler improved the specifications of his vehicle over the years, but was prevented from adequately testing it due to the 1865 Red Flag Act, which legislated a maximum speed for self-propelled road vehicles of 2 mph (3 km/h) in built up areas and 4 mph (6.5 km/h) in rural areas. Additionally, the vehicle had to be attended by three people, one of which had to proceed in front of the vehicle waving a red flag.
Butler wrote in the magazine The English Mechanic in 1890, "The authorities do not countenance its use on the roads, and I have abandoned in consequence any further development of it."
Due to general lack of interest, Butler broke up his machine for scrap in 1896, and sold the patent rights to Harry J. Lawson who continued manufacture of the engine for use in motorboats.
Instead, Butler turned to making stationary and marine engines.[9] His motor tricycle was in advance of its better-known contemporaries on several points.[10]
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[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- “Keeping track: All fired up about `petrol'”, Daily Telegraph, 2002-02-01, <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/main.jhtml?xml=/motoring/2002/02/01/emrdron02.xml>
- Georgano, G.N. Cars: Early and Vintage 1886-1930. London: Grange-Universal, 1990 (reprints AB Nordbok 1985 edition). ISBN 0-9509620-3-1.
