Dutch East India Company in Indonesia
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- See also: Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) had a presence in the Indonesian archipelago from 1603, when the first trading post was established, to 1800, when the bankrupted party was dissolved, and its possessions nationalised as the Dutch East Indies.
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[edit] Early settlements
In 1603, the first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia was established in Banten, northwest Java[1] and in 1611, another was established at Jayakarta (later 'Batavia' and then 'Jakarta').
VOC headquarters were in Ambon from 1610 to 1619, and although it was located centrally in the spice production areas, it was far from the Asian trade routes and other VOC activity ranging from Africa to Japan.[2] A location in the west of the archipelago was thus sought; while the Straits of Malacca were strategic, the Portuguese conquest had made them dangerous, and the first permanent VOC settlement in Banten was difficult due to control by a powerful local ruler and competition from Chinese and English traders.[3]
In 1604, a second British East India Company voyage to Maluku, and subsequent establishments of trading posts between 1611 and 1617 across the archipelago began Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices as the Dutch monopolistic ambitions were threatened.[4] Diplomatic agreements and cooperation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade ended with the notorious Amboyna massacre' where ten Englishmen were tortured and killed for conspiracy against the Dutch government, following which the English withdrew from their Indonesian activities (except in Banten).[5]
In 1619, Jan Pieterszoon Coen was appointed Governor-General of the VOC. On 30 May, 1619, Coen, backed by a force of nineteen ships, stormed Jayakarta driving out the Banten forces, and from the ashes, established Batavia as the VOC headquarters. To establish a monopoly for the clove trade, in the 1620s almost the entire native population of the Banda Islands, the source of nutmeg was deported, driven away, starved to death, or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch plantations, operated with slave labour. He hoped to settle large numbers of Dutch colonists in the East Indies, but this part of his policies never materialized, because the Heren XVII were wary at the time of large, open-ended financial commitments.
[edit] Conquest of the Portuguese
[edit] Expansion
[edit] End of Company Rule
[edit] Notes
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[edit] References
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan, p.28.
