Double Concerto (Brahms)
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The Double Concerto in A minor (Op. 102) by Johannes Brahms is a concerto for violin, cello, and orchestra. Composed in 1887, it was Brahms' final work for orchestra. Brahms wrote it for the cellist Robert Hausmann and the violinist Joseph Joachim. The concerto was, in part, a gesture of reconciliation towards Joachim, after their long friendship had ruptured following Joachim's divorce from his wife Amalie. Brahms had sided with Amalie in the dispute, and this led to the estrangement between Brahms and Joachim. The Double Concerto acted as a form of musical reconciliation.[1] The concerto also makes use of the musical motif A-E-F, a permutation of F-A-E, which stood for a personal motto of Joachim, frei aber einsam ("free but lonely").[2]
The composition consists of three movements in the fast-slow-fast pattern typical of classical instrumental concertos:
- Allegro (A minor)
- Andante (D major)
- Vivace non troppo (A minor → A major)
Clara Schumann reacted unfavourably to the concerto, considering the work "not brilliant for the instruments".[3] Richard Specht also thought critically of the concerto, describing it as "one of Brahms' most inapproachable and joyless compositions". By contrast, Donald Francis Tovey wrote of the concerto as having "vast and sweeping humour".[4]
Richard Cohn has included the first movement of this concerto in his detailed discussion of various composers' use of triadic progressions.[5] Cohn has also analysed such progressions mathematically.[6]
[edit] Media
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Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - I. Allegro Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - II. Andante Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - III. Vivace non Troppo Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen - Problems playing the files? See media help.
[edit] Sheet Music
- Double Concerto was available at the International Music Score Library Project.
[edit] References
- ^ Schwartz, Boris (Autumn 1983). "Joseph Joachim and the Genesis of Brahms's Violin Concerto". The Musical Quarterly LXIX (4): 503-526.
- ^ Musgrave, Michael (July 1983). "Brahms's First Symphony: Thematic Coherence and Its Secret Origin". Music Analysis 2 (2): 117-133.
- ^ Wollenberg, Susan (February 1993). "Reviews of Books: Beiträge zur Geschichte des Konzerts: Festschrift Siegfried Kross zum 60. Geburtstag (eds. Reinmar Emans and Matthias Wendt". Music & Letters 74 (1): 77-81.
- ^ Stein, George P. (October 1971). "The Arts: Being through Meaning". Journal of Aesthetic Education 5 (4): 99-113.
- ^ Cohn, Richard (March 1996). "Maximally Smooth Cycles, Hexatonic Systems, and the Analysis of Late-Romantic Triadic Progressions". Music Analysis 15 (1): 9-40.
- ^ Cohn, Richard (Spring 1997). "Neo-Riemannian Operations, Parsimonious Trichords, and Their Tonnetz Representations". Journal of Musical Theory 41 (1): 1-66.
[edit] External links
- History of the Concerto
- Adaptation of the work as a Cello Concerto
- Andrews University Symphony Orchestra, November 13, 1999 notes
[edit] See also
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