Dharwad
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| ?Dharwad Karnataka • India |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 679 m (2,228 ft) |
| District(s) | Dharwad |
| Mayor | |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle |
• 580 00x • +0836 • KA 25 |
Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, (Kannada:ಧಾರವಾಡ) is a city in India's Karnataka state. Dharwad is famous for its Dharwad pedha - a milk-based sweetmeat.
Dharwad is the administrative seat of the Dharwad District. The municipality of Hubli-Dharwad (resulting from a merger with neighbouring Hubli in 1961) covers 191 km². Dharwad is located 425km northwest of Bangalore, on the main highway between Bangalore and Pune in Maharashtra. KREIS North Unit of National Projects Construction Corporation is headquartered here.
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[edit] Geography
Dharwad is situated on the edge of Western Ghats and hence a hilly place. Many years back, Dhwarwad was known for it's lakes; many have dried out, like Koppadkere and Yemmikere. The ones you can see now are Sadhankere, Kelgeri and Nuggikere.
Dharwad is famous for its climate; warm summers, cold winters, and rainy season is wet through out. Retired people found Dharwad an ideal place to settle down.
[edit] History
The word "Dharwad" means a place of rest in a long travel or a small habitation. For centuries, Dharwad acted as a gateway between the Malenaadu (western mountains) and the Bayalu seeme (plains) and it became a resting place for travellers. The name is derived from the Sanskrit word 'dwarawata', 'dwara' meaning "door" and 'wata' or 'wada'meaning "town".
Another theory is that during the Vijayanagara rule of Dharwad there was a ruler by name "of Dharav" (1403), and Dharwad got its name from him. There are some inscriptions that refer to Dharwad as Kampana Sthana.
Inscriptions found near Durga Devi temple in Narendra (a nearby village) and RLS High School date back to the 12th century and have references to Dharwad. This makes Dharwad at least 900 years old. Also, there is an inscription at Hanuman Temple at Bokyapur lake near Garag (a village about 18km from Dharwad).
The Chalukyas ruled Dharwad during the 12th century. A stone inscription indicates that there was a ruler by the name of BhaskaraDeva in 1117. In the 14th century the district was first overrun by the Bahmani Sultanate, after which it was annexed to the newly established Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, an official of which named Dhar Rao, according to local tradition, built the fort at Dharwad town in 1403. After the defeat of the king of Vijayanagar at Talikot (1565), Dharwad was for a few years practically independent under its Hindu governor; but in 1573 the fort was captured by the sultan of Bijapur, Adil Shah, and Dharwad was annexed to his dominions. Adil Shah built a fort in an area later called MannaKille, and later Nazratabad. With this fort, the strategic importance of Dharwad increased and it thus attracted the attention of subsequent conquerors, including Aurangzeb, Shivaji, Aurangzeb's son Mu Azam, Peshwa Balaji Rao, Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and finally the British colonizers.
In 1685, the fort was taken by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and Dharwad, on the break-up of the Mughal empire, fell under the sway of the Maratha Peshwa of Pune. In 1764 the province was overrun by Hyder Ali of the Mysore, who in 1778 captured the fort of Dharwad. The fort was retaken in 1791 by the Marathas. After the final defeat of the Peshwa by the British in 1818, Dharwar was incorporated into the territory of the British East India Company's Bombay Presidency. During the early 19th century, when the British were expanding their domains, they faced a lot of opposition from local rulers, including Baba Saheb of Naragund and Kittur Rani Chennamma.
Dharwad was the home to the famous freedom fighter and the "Karnataka Kulapurohit", Sri Alur Venkatrao. It was Sri Alur Venkatrao’s work, ‘Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava’, that mooted the idea of unification of Kannada-speaking areas.
Dharwad was peaceful for most of late 19th century. During those times, the British started an English medium school in Dharwad in 1848. Later, in 1863, the Basel Mission organization started another school. In 1867 the British opened another school, Varmal school, which later on became known as a training college. In 1883, the municipality area included Sidapur, Lakamanhalli, Haveri Pete, Bagtalan, Madihal, Galaganjikop, Malapur, Kamalapur, Narayanpur, Saptapur, Atti kolla and Hosayellapur. The British government also established a railway station in 1888.
The town had a station on the Southern Mahratta railway. By 1901 the town had a population of 31,279 and was home to several cotton gina, a cotton mill, and two high schools, one maintained by the government and the other by the Basel German Mission.
In 1941, Dharwad had a population of 47,992.[1]
After India's independence in 1947, the Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as India's Bombay State. In 1956 the southern, Kannada-speaking districts of Bombay State, including Dharwad, were added to Mysore and renamed Karnataka in 1972. Dharwad is home to the Karnatak University and the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) as well as numerous other colleges.
In 1961 the town merged with the adjacent town of Hubli to become a single municipality, Hubli-Dharwad. The population of the twin cities is 516,000, and is the second-largest conurbation in Karnataka, after Bangalore. Hubli-Dharwad's population increased 22.99% between 1981 and 1991, from 527,108 to 648,298, and by 21.2% between 1991 and 2001.
[edit] Culture
Dharwad has contributed to some of the greatest exponents of Hindustani music - Sawai Gandharva, Mallikarjun Mansur, Bhimsen Joshi (now living in Pune), Basavaraj Rajaguru, Kumar Gandharva and Gangubai Hangal.
Dharwad is an unlikely outpost of the Kirana Gharana. Ustad Abdul Karim Khan was a frequent visitor to Mysore Darbar, where he had been conferred the title of Sangeet Ratna. On the way to Mysore, he used to stay with his brother in Dharwad, where he taught his most famous disciple, Sawai Gandharva. Sawai Gandharva in turn was the guru to Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi and Basavaraj Rajaguru.
Jnanpith Award winners D.R. Bendre, V. K. Gokak and Girish Karnad trace their origins to Dharwad. One of the greatest Marathi writer, Sahitya Akademi Award winner G. A. Kulkarni also lived most of his life here in Dharwad. Leena Chandavarkar, famous Hindi actress and wife of late Kishore Kumar, belongs to this place and still owns property in Dharwad near the Railway Station.
Dharwad has produced eminent legal luminaries also. Judges like Sanglad J., Bannurmath J., A.C.Kabbin J., Mohan Shantangoudar J., B.S.Patil J., Ashok Hinchigeri J., Subhash Adi J., and lawyers like Late Shri Hiregoudar, Sharat.S. Javali [Supreme Court], Mohan Katarki [lawyer for Karnataka in the Cauvery Water Dispute], Satish Maneshinde [a famous criminal lawyer in Mumbai] have studied from this seat of learning and also belong to this part of the region.
Uma Shashikant, eminent Investment Advisor and Sucheta Dalal,the Mumbai based financial journalist, who exposed the Harshad Mehta scandal also studied in Dharwad. P B Mahishi, T M Shivkumar,Ganapati Bhatt, Manish Desai and K Nandini have distinguished themselves in Civil Service. Lucy D'Abreu (oldest Briton ever) was also born in Dharwad.
Dharwad is also the birthplace of Palwankar Baloo, the first member of the Dalit (or "Untouchable") caste to distinguish himself at cricket, and later to become a political activist for Dalit rights. Sunil Joshi, the famous Indian cricketer, also hails from Dharwar and is also incidentally related to Pandit Bhimsen Joshi.
There are many spiritual personalities associated with this beautiful town. Some of them are Kumara Swamiji, Hurakadli Ajja, Mrityunjaya Appagalu, Mahanta Appagalu, Siddharoodha Swamigalu, Shishunal Sharif Saheb and Garag Madiwaleshwara.
[edit] Education
Dharwad has been a renowned centre of learning for ages with many famous high schools, colleges and universities. Some of the famous ones are :
- University College of Law
- Karnatak University
- Unversity COllege of Agricultural Sciences
- Hurakadli Ajja Law College
- KPES Law College
- Vidyaranya School and College, Dharwad. (One of the old school in Dharwad.)
- Training College for Men (Present DIET Est in 1856)
- JSS Banashankari Arts, Commerce & S.K.Gubbi Science College
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharwad
- Karnataka High School, Fort, Dharwad
- K.E.Boards High School, Dharwad, Malamaddi
- International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kalyan Nagar, Dharwad
- Karnatak College, Dharwad
- Kittle College
- C.S.I. College of Commerce
- Kousali Institute of Management
- Basel Mission English Medium High School
- University College of Law
- Pavan English Medium High School,Dharwad
- Presentation Girls High School, Dharwad
- St Joseph's High School, Dharwad
- R.L.S
- Karnatak Medical College
- University of Agricultural Sciences
- SDM College of Engineering and Technology
- PC Jabin College
- Dakshina Bharata Hindi Prachar Sabhathe Deemed University
- SDM college of Dental Sciences
- SDM college of Medical sciences
- Nettur Technical Training Foundation (NTTF)
- Kirana Sangeet Academy, Hosayellapur, Dharwad (music school)
- Srijanasheela Shikshana Pratisthana-Balabalaga
- Srujana Lalit Kala Maha Vidyala
- D. V. Halbhavi School Of Art
These institutions of learning have established themselves as reputed places of learning over time and have contributed many famous personalities. Nandan Nilekani, the Co-Chairman of Infosys moved in with his uncle's family in Dharwad for his education and has been a student of St Joseph's High School.
[edit] Food & Cuisine
Dharwad is famous for milk products. The Legendary Dharwad pedha is made from milk and khoa. Mishra's * Famous Mishra's Divya Pedha & Babu Singh's Thakur pedhas are the most popular.
Jolada Roti made of (jowar) flour, along with spicy and lip-smacking Brinjal idigai pallya (sabji), kalu pallya agasi, guryellu chatni and curds are sought-after dishes. The now-closed Dharwad Restaurant run by Kidiyoor Sarvothama Rao and Janardhan Rao was famous for lip-smacking masala dosa. There are many other restaurants like LEA Canteen, Basappa Khanavali, Megha Darshini, Kamat Hotels, Maitri Paradise, Bombay Restaurant, Hoysala, Brindavana, etc. which provide Benne Dosa and other varieties of Dosas.
[edit] Agriculture
Dharwad is also very famous for cultivating various food products. The DCH (Dharwad Cotton Hybrid) was basically invented in University of Agricultural Sciences which was a popular variety of cotton few years back. In addition to this Dharwad is well known for the varities of channa, kardi, soya and groundnut seeds. Also, farmers grow sugarcane, paddy, jowar, wheat, green gram, munge and many other food products.
Dharwad Alphonso mangoes and Navalur gauvas are also very popular.
[edit] References
- ^ Columbia-Lippincott Gazeteer. p. 511
[edit] External links
- Web site of Hubli Dharwad Muncipal Corporation
- Know more abour Dharwad city
- Information about STPI & other Technology parks(IT Parks)
- SDM College of Engineering and Technology
- Dharwad as a Gateway of Learning Article by Dharwadi Jyotsna Kamat
- The Famous Mishra's Divya Pedha
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