Desert Cottontail
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Desert Cottontail[1] | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
||||||||||||||
| Conservation status | ||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Sylvilagus audubonii (Baird, 1858) |
The Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), also known as Audubon's Cottontail, is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae.
The Desert Cottontail is found throughout the central United States from eastern Montana to western Texas, and in northern Mexico. Westwards its range extends to central Nevada and southern California and Baja California. It is found at heights of up to 2000 meters. It is particularly associated with the dry near-desert grasslands of the American southwest, though it is also found in less arid habitats such as pinyon-juniper forest.
The Desert Cottontail is quite similar in appearance to the European Rabbit, though its ears are larger and are more often carried erect. It is also much less of a social animal, and makes much less use of burrows. Like all the cottontail rabbits, the Desert Cottontail has a rounded tail with white fur on the underside which is visible as it runs away. It is a light grayish-brown in colour, with almost white fur on the belly. Adults are 33 to 43 cm long and weigh up to 1.5 kg. The ears are long (8 to 10 cm), and the hind feet are large (7.5 cm in length). There is little sexual dimorphism, but females tend to be larger than the males, but have much smaller home ranges, about 4,000 m² (1 acre) compared with about 60,000 m² for a male.
The Desert Cottontail is not usually active in the middle of the day, but it can be seen in the early morning or late afternoon. It mainly eats grass, but will eat many other plants, even cacti. It rarely needs to drink, getting its water mostly from the plants it eats or from dew. Like most lagomorphs, it is coprophagic, reingesting and chewing its own feces; this allows more nutrition to be extracted.
Many desert animals prey on cottontails, including bird of prey, mustelids, the Coyote, the Bobcat and humans. Southwestern Native Americans hunted them for meat but also used their fur and hides. The cottontail's normal anti-predator behavior is run away in zig zags; it can reach speeds of over 30 km/h. Against small predators it will defend itself by kicking.
The young are born in a shallow burrow or above ground, but they are helpless when born, and do not leave the nest until they are three weeks old. Where climate and food supply permit, females can produce several litters a year. Unlike the European Rabbit, they do not form social burrow systems, but compared with some other leporids, they are relatively tolerant of other individuals in their vicinity.
[edit] References
- ^ Hoffmann, Robert S.; Andrew T. Smith (2005-11-16). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 208. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
- ^ Lagomorph Specialist Group (1996). Sylvilagus auduboni. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.
[edit] External links
- Sylvilagus audubonii (TSN 180122). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 10 February 2006.
- 1978 issue of Mammalian Species on the Desert Cottontail (PDF)
- North American Mammals page on Desert Cottontail at the US Smithsonian Institute
- Desert USA page on Desert Cottontail
