Demographic history of Bačka
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This is demographic history of Bačka.
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[edit] Overview
Before the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, Bačka was mainly populated by Slavs. [1] In the 11th century, the region had mixed Slavic-Hungarian population. During Hungarian rule, the native Slavic population mostly lost its Slavic language and culture and was assimilated into Hungarians. [2] Since the 14th century, Slavic Serbs started to migrate to this region from Balkans. In the outset of the 16th century, before the Ottoman conquest, the largest part of population of Bačka were Hungarians, and the smaller part of population were Slavs. After the Ottoman conquest, most of the Hungarian and Catholic Slavic population fled from the area, and new Orthodox (Serbs and Vlachs) settlers as well as many Muslims of various ethnic origins settled in the area. During Ottoman rule, the region was mainly populated by Serbs, who mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated by Muslims and Serbs. During the Habsburg rule, in the 17th and 18th century, new wave of Serb settlers came to the area. During the 18th and 19th century, many Hungarian, German, and other (Slovak, Rusyn, etc) colonists came to the area, which thus became ethnically mixed with population composed mostly of Serbs, Hungarians, and Germans. During XVII and XVIII century Serbs are majority in Bačka but because first modern census is from 1860 earlier numbers are under dispute by Hungarian and Serbian historians. This article is showing census data which have been created in this modern demography censuses.
[edit] 1860
[edit] 1880
[edit] 1890
[edit] 1900
[edit] 1910
According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, the Bačka region (Bács-Bodrog county) had 812,385 inhabitants. Population by language (1910 census): [3]
- Hungarian = 363,518 (44.75%)
- German = 190,697 (23.47%)
- Serbian = 145,063 (17.86%) (*)
- Slovak = 30,137
- Russniak = 10,760
- Croatian = 1,279 (*)
- Romanian = 386
- other languages = 70,545 (for the most part Bunjevac and Šokac) (*)
(*) Total number of speakers of South Slavic languages (Serbian, Croatian, Bunjevac, Šokac) was about 216,887 or about 26.70%.
As for the geographical distribution of the three largest ethnic groups in 1910, Hungarians mainly lived in northern parts of the region, Germans in western, and Serbs in the southern parts. Újvidék, city in the southern part of the region, was the cultural and political centre of the Serb people in the 18th and 19th century.
[edit] 1921
According to the Yugoslav census of 1921, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 735,117, of whom: [4]
- 260,998 (35.50%) spoke Hungarian language
- 246,598 (33.55%) spoke Serbian and Croatian language
- 173,796 (23.64%) spoke German language
- 30,993 (4.22%) spoke Slovak language
- 10,999 (1.50%) spoke Rusyn language
- 4,850 (0.66%) spoke Slovenian language
Of the 105 communes in the Yugoslav Bačka, the Germans were in a majority in 36, the Yugoslavs in 31, the Magyars in 23, and the Slovaks in 7, while in 8 communes no one language-group predominated. Of the eleven administrative districts into which the Yugoslav Bačka was divided, the German-speaking communes were in a majority in Odžaci and Palanka, the Serb and Croat in Žabalj and Titel and the Magyar in Senta and Topola. In the remaining five districts, the communes of no single language group were in predominance.
[edit] 1931
According to the Yugoslav census of 1931, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 784,896, of whom: [1]
- 284,865 (36.29%) spoke Serbian and Croatian language
- 268,711 (34.24%) spoke Hungarian language
- 169,858 (21.64%) spoke German language
- 34,234 (4.36%) spoke Slovak language
- 11,414 (1.45%) spoke Rusyn language
- others.
[edit] 1941
According to Hungarian census from end of 1941, population of Yugoslav part of Bačka numbered 789,705 inhabitants, of whom: [5]
- 358,531 (45.4%) spoke Hungarian language
- 162,070 (20.52%) spoke German language
- 151,269 (19.15%) spoke Serbian language (*)
- 62,303 (7.89%) spoke Croatian language (*)
- 32,578 (4.12%) spoke Slovak language
- 13,829 (1.76%) spoke Rusyn language
(*) Total number of speakers of South Slavic languages (Serbian and Croatian) was 213,572 (27.05%).
[edit] 1948
According to the Yugoslav census of 1948, Yugoslav Bačka had a population of 807,122, including: [2]
- 307,343 (38.07%) Hungarians
- 303,664 (37.62%) Serbs
- 88,491 (10.96%) Croats
- 36,041 (4.44%) Slovaks
- 17,269 (2.18%) Rusyns
- 10,638 (1.32%) Germans
- others.
[edit] 1953
According to the Yugoslav census of 1953, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 831,945, including: [3]
- 317,247 (38.12%) Serbs
- 311,146 (37.38%) Hungarians
- 80,957 (9.73%) Croats
- 36,424 (4.38%) Slovaks
- 18,162 (2.18%) Rusyns
- others.
[edit] 1961
According to the Yugoslav census of 1961, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 920,600, including: [4]
- 386,385 (41.08%) Serbs
- 320,566 (34.83%) Hungarians
- 101,509 (11.03%) Croats
- 37,665 (4.09%) Slovaks
- others.
[edit] 1971
According to the Yugoslav census of 1971, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 960,001 people, including: [6]
- 413,895 (43.11%) Serbs
- 311,379 (32.44%) Hungarians
- 92,207 (9.60%) Croats
- 36,508 (3.80%) Slovaks
- 31,120 (3.24%) Montenegrins
- 27,651 (2.88%) Yugoslavs
- 16,580 (1.73%) Rusyns
- others.
[edit] 1981
According to the Yugoslav census of 1981, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,012,112 people, including: [5]
- 434,178 (40.9%) Serbs
- 287,565 (30.36%) Hungarians
- 91,757 (9.86%) Yugoslavs
- 71,793 (7.09%) Croats
- 34,997 (3.02%) Slovaks
- 16,020 (1.68%) Rusyns
- others.
[edit] 1991
According to the Yugoslav census of 1991, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,007,179 people, including: [6]
- 463,029 (46.15%) Serbs
- 258,724 (26.63%) Hungarians
- 98,052 (10.22%) Yugoslavs
- 65,663 (6.74%) Croats
- 32,092 (3.3%) Slovaks
- 14,895 (1.11%) Rusyns
- others.
[edit] 2001/2002
According to the Yugoslav census of 2002 in Yugoslav part of Bačka has been living 1,022,524 people and is composed of: [7]
- 559,700 (54.74%) Serbs
- 221,882 (21.70%) Hungarians
- others (including Slovaks, Croats, Bunjevci, Šokci, Rusyns, Montenegrins, Yugoslavs, Roma, Germans, etc).
According to Hungarian census of 2001 census in Hungary, in Hungarian Bácska (including districts of Bajai, Bácsalmási, and Jánoshalmai) was living 113,432 people. [7] Note that administrative borders of the districts do not fully correspond with the geographical borders of Hungarian Bácska. Most of the inhabitants of Hungarian Bácska are ethnic Hungarians. [8]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.
- ^ Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Srbinje, 2004.
- ^ Bács-Bodrog County
- ^ http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/romsics/w25.htm
- ^ Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995."
- ^ Dr. Branislav Bukurov, Bačka, Banat i Srem, Novi Sad, 1978.
- ^ Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84443-00-09
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