De Oppresso Liber

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"De Oppresso Liber" is the motto of the United States Army Special Forces.

[edit] Meaning

It is US Army tradition that the phrase is Latin for "To Liberate the Oppressed."

However, the Latin cannot be grammatically interpreted in that way. Exactly what it does mean in Latin is uncertain. Presumably what was intended was Oppressione liberare ('to liberate from "oppressio"', although oppressio is properly not "oppression" in the English sense but "violent destruction"). Liber means not "to free" but simply the adjective "free", which, in the masculine singular form here used, may be interpreted as a noun, meaning "a free man"; while "oppressus" is not "oppression" but "overwhelmed, overthrown, overpowered, crushed". As it stands, the phrase might be translated "Out of the overthrown man, (comes/is made) the free man".

This translation may have morphed over time resemble a small portion of a famous St. Augustine quote "The turbulent have to be corrected, the faint-hearted cheered up, the weak supported; the Gospel's opponents need to be refuted, its insidious enemies guarded against; the unlearned need to be taught, the indolent stirred up, the argumentative checked; the proud must be put in their place, the desperate set on their feet, those engaged in quarrels reconciled; the needy have to be helped, the oppressed to be liberated, the good to be encouraged, the bad to be tolerated; all must be loved," or stated in Latin "oppressi liberandi."

[edit] Lineage

The phrase stems from the exploits of World War Two OSS Jedburgh/Sussex Teams operating behind the lines in France. Colonel Aaron Bank, Father of US Army Special Forces, and his teams enabled the French Resistance to grow and oppose the occupying German Army. The unconventional warfare tactics of Colonel Bank differed from the conventional warfare tactics of the rest of the U.S. Army in that they included clandestine support for one side of an existing conflict and that they were subversive to the Nazi forces in power.