Data room

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Data rooms are used in many different types of transaction where the vendor (in the case of a property, M&A or share sale) or the authority (in the case of a PFI/PPP project) wishes to disclose a large amount of confidential data to proposed bidders typically during the due diligence process. The traditional data room will literally be a physically secure continually monitored room, normally in the vendor’s offices (or those of his lawyers), which the bidders and their advisers will visit in order to inspect and report on the various documents and other data made available. Often only one bidder at a time will be allowed to enter and if new documents, or new versions of documents are required these will have to be brought in by courier as hardcopy. Teams involved in large due diligence processes will typically have to be flown in from many regions or countries and remain available throughout the process. Such teams often comprise a number of experts in different fields and so the overall cost of keeping such groups on call near to the data room is often extremely high. Combating the significant cost of physical datarooms is the virtual dataroom, which provides for the secure, online dissemination of confidential information.

A virtual data room (VDR) is essentially an Internet site with limited controlled access, using a secure log-on supplied by the vendor/authority which can be disabled at any time by the vendor/authority if a bidder withdraws) to which the bidders and their advisers are given access via the internet. Much of the information released will be confidential and restrictions should be applied to the viewers' ability to release this to third parties by forwarding, copying or printing. This can be effectively applied to protect the data using digital rights management.

In either case, detailed auditing must be provided for legal reasons so that a record is kept of who has seen which version of each document - when and for how long.