Clontarf, Dublin
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| Clontarf Cluain Tarbh |
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| Province: | Leinster | |
| County: | Dublin | |
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Clontarf (Irish: Cluain Tarbh, meaning Bulls' Meadow) is an affluent coastal suburb on the northside of Dublin, Ireland. It is most famous for giving the name to the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 during which Brian Boru, High King of Ireland defeated the Viking invaders. This battle, which extended to districts over several miles, is seen as marking an end to the Irish-Viking Wars.
Clontarf lacks a single "village centre" but has a range of commercial facilities in several locations, mainly centred around Vernon Ave. Clontarf adjoins Fairview, Marino, Killester, Artane and Raheny, and is in the postal district Dublin 3. It is served by the No. 130 Dublin Bus route.
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[edit] History
A settlement at Clontarf has been dated to at least the 12th century, and in the 19th century remains from earlier times were thought to have been found.
The manor and church of Clontarf were held by the Templars and then the Hospitallers, and there was a Holy Well in the area, near what is now The Stiles Road, until recent times. Another spring, named for Brian Boroimhe, of uncertain age, still exists, on Castle Avenue near the sea.
A manor house and small associated village was located on the slight ridge overlooking the sea where the Clontarf Castle Hotel is now situated. The manor house was rebuilt many times, with the current hotel dating largely to the early 19th century. The tower house on the site is a 19th-century replica of an original structure on the site. The adjoining ruined church is the old Church of Ireland parish church, dates to the mid-17th century and includes what may be the earliest use of red brick in Ireland.[citation needed]
Clontarf Castle was burned in 1641 by Cromwell's General, Sir Charles Coote, apparently in revenge for the disloyalty of the then owner, George King. The district is then said to have been given by Cromwell to John Blackwell, who assigned his interest to John Vernon, Quarter-Master General of Cromwell's army in Ireland, although this is described in Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of 1837 as “conferred by the Crown on Admiral Vernon”. Either way, this began the line of Vernons who lived in the Castle for nearly three hundred years.
In 1659, the population of Clontarf was 79.
Fishing, oyster-catching and farming remained the main occupations over the following centuries, with a major fish-curing industry at the Sheds, near the foot of Vernon Avenue (the Public House at the site still bears the name), around 1 km from the original village. In the 18th century, this developed into a secondary settlement, of fishermen and small farmers, living in basic cabins and with drying sheds for the fish. It is prominently marked on navigation maps for Dublin Bay dating to the 18th century. However, as with many such 'informal' settlements in Ireland, it became the site for a 19th-century Roman Catholic church - the Church of Ireland St. John's Church, and the Roman Catholic St. Anthony's are closer to the original settlement - and then outgrew the original village.
The 1837 Lewis report remarked that “ The land in this Parish is reported to be in the very highest state of cultivation...”
[edit] The 19th Century
In the early 1800s, Clontarf had become a most popular “holiday resort” for the citizens of Dublin, who came out from the City to enjoy bathing in the sea or in the hot and cold sea-water baths erected by Mr. Brierly. An omnibus service from the City was started and Clontarf became a fashionable place to live - Samuel Lewis lists twenty-seven major houses, apart from Clontarf Castle, in which resided wealthy and important gentry[1]. The Confirmation list for 1824 includes four titled ladies – Lady Charlemont, Lady Caroline Clements, Lady Maria Caulfield and Lady Emily Caulfield.
A key arrival was Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, son of Arthur Guinness II and his partner in running the brewery, who purchased various lands in Clontarf and Raheny, combining them to form St. Anne's Estate (the remnants of which form St Anne's Park).
By the late 19th century Clontarf was becoming urbanised, initially as a holiday resort for wealthy Dubliners, but rapidly as a suburb of the city.
For a time, Clontarf was an Urban District incorporated in its own right but lost this formal status at the start of the 20th century. By the mid-20th century it was fully absorbed into the city and would now be considered part of the inner suburbs.
[edit] Clontarf Island
There used to be an island, called Clontarf Island, off the coast of Clontarf near the mouth of the River Tolka, as shown on maps such as that of John Rocque in 1753,[2], with a single dwelling, and at some periods (notably in the 19th century), bathing facilities. The island was also used as a refuge from plague in 1650. Construction work on the Great South Wall and North Bull Wall in Dublin Port changed the flow of water in Dublin Bay, threatening its existence, though it was eventually in fact destroyed by a large storm in 1844.
[edit] Religion
Clontarf today has three Catholic parishes (for more see Parish of Clontarf (Roman Catholic)), a Church of Ireland (Anglican/Episcopalian) parish, a Presbyterian congregation and a Methodist parish.
Historically Clontarf has had a strong Protestant community for many years, with the Church of Ireland parish being one of the most populated Anglican parishes in the country up to the 1950s. In the 1911 census, 39% of the population of Clontarf were Protestant, 25% being Church of Ireland, 8.5% Presbyterian and 5.5% Methodist.
Relations between all the faith communities have always been good in Clontarf and mixed marriages were part of life even in 1911.
[edit] Sport and social organisations
Clontarf has many sporting activities including rugby, cricket, sailing, football and Clontarf GAA club.
Clontarf has a strong rugby club, their senior XV reaching two all Ireland league finals under former coach Phil Werahiko. Clontarf Cricket Club, based on the same premises as the rugby club, was the host for the final of the 2005 ICC Trophy cricket tournament. It has hosted various cricket internationals, most recently against the West Indies in the summer of 2007.
The area also has two tennis clubs - Clontarf Lawn Tennis Club on Oulton Road and Parish Lawn Tennis Club on Seafield Road, recently re-developed and attached to the Church of Ireland parish. Tennis is also played at the private Westwood Club, on the border between Clontarf and Fairview.
Clontarf's privately-owned open-air seawater swimming pool, once a popular recreational destination with hot and cold baths, is now derelict, with various developments being considered.
The suburb also has numerous sporting facilities in St Anne's Park (which it shares with Raheny), as well as a range of non-sport amenities. These include an Arts Centre in the Red Stables, featuring artists' stores and studios, a coffee shop and markets on some weekends, along with a large rose garden which is located alongside the Gaelic Athletic Association pitches.
Clontarf is also home to the City Council Traffic Training Facility.
The seafront along Clontarf remains a highly popular spot for runners, walkers and cyclists and features an Easter Island Moai replica statue, a diplomatic gift, which is located just across the road from a local pub.
The Clontarf Scout Troop was established in 1931. Clontarf also has two Boys Brigade companies - the 12th, attached to Clontarf Church of Ireland, and the 39th, attached to the Presbyterian parish, and a Girls Brigade company (5th Company Clontarf Presbyterian) attached to Clontarf & Scots Presbyterian Church. This company will be 100 years old in 2008 and will be the first active company in the world to reach this age.
There is no current local newspaper but past journals included "Clontarf's Eye."
[edit] Amenities
Clontarf is home to a wide range of businesses, many of which are members of the local Chamber of Commerce. There is a supermarket on Vernon Avenue, and there are, for example, a number of public houses, restaurants, convenience stores, bank branches, pharmacies and medical practitioners.
Clontarf is also home to the famous Central Remedial Clinic (whose swimming pool has some public access hours) and to the Incorporated Orthopaedic Hospital of Ireland (since 1876), as well as a major centre of the Irish Wheelchair Association.
[edit] Locality
Within Clontarf is the area known as Dollymount, formed in the 19th century, which gave its name to the beach on North Bull Island.
[edit] Points of note
One of Dublin's largest parks, St Anne's Park, lies between Clontarf and Raheny.
The Bull Island, also shared with Raheny, is connected to Clontarf by an historic wooden bridge. While most of the island is city property, the North Bull Wall and breakwater beyond, related road and path, and Bull (Wooden) Bridge belong to the Dublin Port Company, and are closed for a day each year to assert this. At the end of the breakwater is a statue of Our Lady, Star of the Sea (Realt na Mara), to watch over mariners.
A recent (October 2007) survey in the Irish Independent claimed that Clontarf was one of the most sought-after areas in Dublin in terms of demand for property, with prices averaging over 1 million euro.[citation needed]
Clontarf was the original home of the Grove Social Club disco which ran from 1967 to 1997. It started in 1967 in Mount Prospect Avenue in Clontarf, Belgrove Football Club (from which the club got its name). It moved to St. Pauls College, Sybil Hill, in 1975 when the old pavilion was burnt down.
Along the coastal promenade, there is a circular rain shelter, which forms a cap over a former lead mine, which ran out under the shallow waters of the bay, as recorded in Cosgrave's "North Dublin"; it was closed due to persistent flooding.
[edit] Famous People
When Erwin Schrödinger moved to Dublin, he lived in Clontarf, on Kincora Road. Other famous people from the area include Brian O'Driscoll, the current Ireland rugby captain, film director Neil Jordan, academic Declan Kiberd, singer and television presenter Bryan Smyth, Gerry Ryan, RTE 2fm DJ, Joe Duffy, also of RTÉ. Many Fair City stars live in the area. Actress Maria Doyle was born in Clontarf on 25 September 1964.
Bram Stoker, author of Dracula, was born at 15 Marino Crescent, Clontarf, and a museum has opened in the local Westwood Club to celebrate this.
[edit] References
- ^ Among them were Thomas Gresham, founder of the Gresham Hotel and W.C. Colville, owner of major property holdings in the centre of Dublin
- ^ The Neighbourhood of Dublin, Weston St. John Joyce, 1920
[edit] See also
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