Clarinet family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The clarinet family is a musical instrument family including the well-known B♭ clarinet, the slightly less familiar E♭, A, and bass clarinets, and other clarinets.
Clarinets other than the standard B♭ and A clarinets are sometimes known as harmony clarinets. However, there are many differently-pitched clarinet types, some of which are very rare. They may be grouped into sub-families, but grouping and terminology vary; the list below reflects popular usage and compares it with systems advocated by a few influential authors. See separate articles for additional details.
- Piccolo clarinet — Very rare. Also known as octave clarinet or sopranino clarinet. About an octave higher than the B♭ clarinet.
- Soprano clarinet — The most familiar type of clarinet.
- E♭ clarinet — Fairly common in America and western Europe; less common in eastern Europe.
- D clarinet — Rare in America and western Europe.
- Rendall lists the E♭ and D clarinets, along with obsolete instruments in G, F, and E, as sopranino clarinets.
- Shackleton lists the E♭ and D clarinets, along with obsolete instruments in F, and E, as sopranino clarinets.
- C clarinet — Moderately rare. Clarinets in C are common in the scores of some composers' classical opera, in which clarinetists were expected to be equipped with instruments in A, B♭ and C.[citation needed]
- B♭ clarinet — The most common type of clarinet.
- A clarinet — Standard orchestral instrument used alongside the B♭ soprano.
- G clarinet — Also called a "Turkish clarinet". Primarily used in ethnic music.
- Rendall lists the C, B♭, and A clarinets along with the obsolete instrument in B as sopranos, and the clarinette d'amour in A♭ and G and the clarinet in G as obsolete altos.
- Shackleton lists the C, B♭, A, and G clarinets along with obsolete instruments in B and A♭ as sopranos, noting that the A♭ and G often occurred as clarinette d'amour in the mid-18th century.
- Basset clarinet — Essentially a soprano clarinet with a range extension to low C (written).
- A basset clarinet — Most common type.
- Basset clarinets in C, B♭, and G also exist.
- Neither Rendall nor Shackleton includes basset clarinets in their classifications.
- Basset horn — Alto-to-tenor range instrument with (usually) a smaller bore than the alto clarinet, and a range extended to low (written) C.
- Alto clarinet — About half an octave lower than the B♭ clarinet.
- E♭ alto clarinet — Most common type.
- Rendall lists the E♭ alto and F tenor clarinets as tenors (along with the basset horns).
- Shackleton lists F alto clarinet as obsolete.
- E♭ alto clarinet — Most common type.
- Bass clarinet — An octave below the B♭ clarinet often with an extended low range.
- B♭ bass clarinet — The standard bass.
- A bass clarinet — Obsolete.
- C bass clarinet — Obsolete.
- Rendall and Shackleton list C, B♭, and A; Rendall lists only C as obsolete, while Shackleton calls A "rare". Rendall groups these in baritone and bass.
- Contra-alto clarinet — An octave below the alto clarinet.
- EE♭ contra-alto clarinet, also called EE♭ contrabass clarinet.
- Rendall lists "contrabasset-horns" in G, F, and E♭ (none marked obsolete), grouping these in baritone and bass.
- Shackleton lists only "E♭ contrabass clarinet", grouping it in contrabass (pedal) clarinets.
- EE♭ contra-alto clarinet, also called EE♭ contrabass clarinet.
- Contrabass clarinet — An octave below the bass clarinet.
- BB♭ contrabass clarinet.
- Rendall lists also contrabass clarinet in C as obsolete, and groups it and the BB♭ contrabass in baritone and bass.
- Shackleton lists only the BB♭ contrabass, grouping it in contrabass (pedal) clarinets
- BB♭ contrabass clarinet.
- Two larger types have been built on an experimental basis:
- EEE♭ Octocontra-alto — An octave below the contra-alto clarinet. Only three have been built.
- BBB♭ Octocontrabass — An octave below the contrabass clarinet. Only one was ever built.
- Neither Rendall nor Shackleton includes these in their classifications.
[edit] References
- ^ F. Geoffrey Rendall. The Clarinet. Third Edition. London: Ernest Benn Limited, 1971, pp. 3-4.
- ^ Nicholas Shackleton. "Clarinet", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed 21 February 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
- ^ Lawson, Colin (Nov., 1987). "The Basset Clarinet Revived". Early Music 15 (4): 487–501.
- ^ Rice, Albert R. (Sep., 1986). "The Clarinette d'Amour and Basset Horn". Galpin Society Journal 39: 97–111. doi:.
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