Christiern Pedersen
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Christiern Pedersen (c. 1480 in Helsingør, Denmark – 16 January 1554 in Helsinge) was a man of many labels, canon, humanist-scholar, writer, printer and publisher.
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[edit] Education
Went to school in Roskilde and studied from 1496 at the University of Greifswald. Received a baccalaureate-degree from there in 1498 and is from 1505 known to have been a canon with the Lund Cathedral.
Went to study at the University of Paris, 1508-1515, where he in 1511 got a Master of Arts degree. During his stay in Paris he soon got the taste for writing, translating and publishing. At that time Paris was the undisputed capital of the still new Printed Press. Toying with the idea of publishing a new Latin-to-Danish lexicon, he himself wrote a way over-due replacement to the 300-year-old French-made Latin compendium ("Alexanders Doktrinale") still used as standard in the schools of Denmark at that time and in 1510 he published his new Latin-Danish lexicon, called Vocabularium ad usum Dacorum.
[edit] Gesta Danorum
Soon a much larger idea formed. He wanted to republish the huge 300-year-old chronicle of Denmark, Gesta Danorum, made by Saxo Grammaticus. Only one problem existed, the location of the original manuscript. By that time most knowledge of this work came from a summary called Compendium Saxonis located in Chronica Jutensis, of about 1342. Undoubtedly this is also from where Pedersen knew of it.
Pedersen began to send letters to friends all over Denmark, to try and locate the original Saxo work. All to no avail, friend after friend, monastery after monastery, bishop after bishop could not help him. They either did not have it or did not want to release it to him. He finally travelled to Denmark to search though libraries and monasteries, but still could not find one. Unexpectedly a letter arrived from Archbishop Birger Gunnersen of Lund stating that he had found a copy in his district and it would be made available to Pedersen.
With the help of Jodocus Badius Ascensius (also known as 'Josse Bades'), whose relationship with Pedersen had now grown to more than just a professional one, they published this new work-over of Gesta Danorum, titled Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae, May 15, 1514, in Paris. This is today the oldest known complete copy of Saxo’s Gesta Danorum.
[edit] The later years
In 1516 he returned to Lund and worked for Archbishop Birger Gunnersen and in 1522 became Kanzler with the new Archbishop, Johann Wess. Losing some of the reputation he had gained for his work, under the successor of the Archbishop, Aage Sparre, he was among other things accused of treason resulting in Pedersen leaving for Germany. As he was loyal to King Christian II, he followed him in exile to the Netherlands in 1526, after meeting him in Berlin, where he spent the next five years in the then Dutch city of Lier.
During his stay in the Netherlands, 1529, he renounced his Catholicism (and his canon status) and became Lutheran.
He did not return to Denmark before 1532, and got permission to settle in Malmø, where he opened a Printing press shop. His nobility ‘friends’ did not like too much his continuing loyalty toward the now fallen King Christian II and it did not get better when later he actively participated in the Civil War (Grevens Fejde) on the losers' side.
He married Else Jacobsdatter in 1534 in Malmø, who died during childbirth in 1539. Pedersen sold his printing press shop and moved to Copenhagen in 1541. During these years he translated, what was to become the crowning moment of his life's work, which sometimes earns him the title ‘the father of Danish literature’, the Bible to Danish. Finished in 1543, but first published in 1550, this work, Biblia, was not only a masterpiece of translation, but also technically a work of wonder, with excellent quality graphics and woodcuts. This is the first complete Danish Bible translation. It was printed by Ludwig Dietz in 3000 copies.
He lived the last 10 years of his life, sick, but still working, with relatives in Helsinge.
[edit] Publications
Of notable works from Pedersen we find:
- 1510, Vocabularium ad usum Dacorum (A Latin-to-Danish Lexicon)
- 1514, Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae (re-publishing of Saxo's Gesta Danorum)
- 1515, "Jærtegnspostil"
- 1529, "Det Ny Testamente" (A translation of the New Testament)
- 1533, "Nøttelig Legebog faar Fattige och Rige Unge och Gamle" (A medical book)
- 1534, "Karl Magnus Krønike" (A free re-write of Charlemagne legends)
- 1534, "Kong Holger Danskes Krønike" (A free re-write based on the French 15th century 'Ogier le Dannoys')
- 1550, "Biblia - Christian d.3.s Bibel" (Translation of the Bible,- this is the first complete Danish Bible translation)
Additionally, a revised edition of the Danish ‘Rimkrøniken’ and a Danish translation of Saxo’s Gesta Danorum. It was never published and was lost in the Copenhagen University-library fire of 1728.
He has published and/or written many other smaller works.
[edit] References
- Apoteker Sibbernsens Saxobog, C. A. Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen, 1927
- Anders Sørensen Vedel, Den Danske Krønicke Saxo-oversættelse 1575 udgivet i facimile af Det danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, G. E. C Gad, Copenhagen, 1967
- Helle Stangerup, Saxo Hans værk – Hans verden, Høst & Søn forlag 2004, ISBN 87-14-29949-6
