China National Highways
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The China National Highways (Chinese: 国道; pinyin: Guódào; literally "national road") are a series of trunk roads throughout all of mainland China. Although they are called highways (such as the Jingbao Highway), they are not necessarily expressways. However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged.
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[edit] Regulation
Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 80 km/h, it is not uncommon to see cars zip by in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, and the lack of a signed speed limit outside of localities, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.
Nationwide highways often begin with the letter G, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the G stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.[1]
The numbering of the highways is as follows:
- Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes are labelled in the 000 series (the so called "five downs and seven acrosses").
- Except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Tianjin, all highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing, the capital city of the People's Republic of China, and spread out in all compass directions;
- Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south;
- Highways in the 300 series stretch from west to east (e.g., from Lhasa in Tibet through to Dandong in Liaoning province).
[edit] Highways construction
The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km/100 sq km.
With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km, Beijing and Shanghai will be linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.
The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km, including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Urumchi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already underway.
[edit] List of all China National Highways
Important note: Roads in mainland China are graded into the G-Series (Guodao, or National routes), S-Series (Shengdao, or Provincial-level routes) and X-Series (Xiandao, pron. Hsien-Dao, or County-level routes). China National Highways are in the G-Series.
[edit] 000 Series
Note: 000 Series China National Highways point to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" are north-south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" are east-west (horizontal) routes.[2] Note: The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS"(7918) system are now in use instead of the 000 Series.
For the New Numberic system of the expressway in National High Way System, please see Expressways of China.
Orgin 000 Series number:
- China National Highway 010: Tongjiang - Sanya (Hainan), 5,700 km -- the longest China National Highway overall
- China National Highway 015: Suifenhe - Manzhouli, 1,280 km
- China National Highway 020: Beijing - Fuzhou, 2,540 km
- China National Highway 025: Dandong (Liaoning) - Lhasa (Tibet), 4,590 km
- China National Highway 030: Beijing - Zhuhai, 2,310 km (Jingzhu Expressway)
- China National Highway 035: Qingdao - Yinchuan, 1,610 km
- China National Highway 040: Erenhot - Hekou, 3,610 km
- China National Highway 045: Lianyungang - Hu'erguosi, 3,980 km (note: localised minority name inaccurate)
- China National Highway 050: Chongqing - Zhanjiang, 1,430 km
- China National Highway 055: Shanghai - Chengdu, 2,970 km
- China National Highway 065: Shanghai - Ruilin, 4,090 km
- China National Highway 075: Hengyang - Kunming, 1,980 km
[edit] 100 Series
Note: 100 Series China National Highways spread out from Beijing (exception: G112, a ring road around Beijing).
- China National Highway 101: Beijing - Shenyang (Liaoning), 879 km
- China National Highway 102: Beijing - Harbin (Heilongjiang), 1,311 km
- China National Highway 103: Beijing - Tanggu (Tianjin), 149 km -- the shortest China National Highway overall, and from Beijing
- China National Highway 104: Beijing - Fuzhou (Fujian), 2,387 km
- China National Highway 105: Beijing - Zhuhai (Guangdong), 2,653 km
- China National Highway 106: Beijing - Guangzhou (Guangdong), 2,505 km
- China National Highway 107: Beijing - Shenzhen (Guangdong), 2,509 km
- China National Highway 108: Beijing - Kunming (Yunnan), 3,356 km
- China National Highway 109: Beijing - Lhasa (Tibet), 3,855 km -- the longest China National Highway from Beijing
- China National Highway 110: Beijing - Yinchuan (Ningxia), 1,135 km
- China National Highway 111: Beijing - Jiagedaqi (Heilongjiang), 1,965 km
- China National Highway 112: Gaobeidian, Hebei ring route, 1,965 km
[edit] 200 Series
Note: 200 Series China National Highways route from north China to south China.
- China National Highway 201: Hegang (Heilongjiang) - Dalian (Liaoning), 1,860 km
- China National Highway 202: Heihe (Heilongjiang) - Dalian (Liaoning), 1,710 km
- China National Highway 203: Mingshui (Heilongjiang) - Shenyang (Liaoning), 673 km
- China National Highway 204: Yantai (Shandong) - Shanghai, 1,019 km
- China National Highway 205: Shanhaiguan (Hebei) - Guangzhou (Guangdong), 3,024 km
- China National Highway 206: Yantai (Shandong) - Shantou (Guangdong), 2,419 km
- China National Highway 207: Xilinhot (Inner Mongolia) - Hai'an (Guangdong), 3,788 km -- the longest north-to-south China National Highway
- China National Highway 208: Erenhot (Inner Mongolia) - Changzhi (Shanxi), 1,055 km
- China National Highway 209: Hohhot (Inner Mongolia) - Beihai (Guangxi), 3,276 km
- China National Highway 210: Baotou (Inner Mongolia) - Nanning (Guangxi), 3,013 km
- China National Highway 211: Yinchuan (Ningxia) - Xi'an (Shaanxi), 645 km
- China National Highway 212: Lanzhou (Gansu) - Chongqing, 1,195 km
- China National Highway 213: Lanzhou (Gansu) - (Yunnan), 3,170 km
- China National Highway 214: Xining (Qinghai) - Jinghong (Yunnan), 3,345 km
- China National Highway 215: Hongliuyuan (Gansu) - Golmud (Qinghai), 591 km
- China National Highway 216: Altay (Xinjiang) - Baluntai (Xinjiang), 853 km
- China National Highway 217: Altay (Xinjiang) - Kuche (Xinjiang), 1,023 km
- China National Highway 218: Huocheng (Xinjiang) - (Southern Xinjiang), 1,073 km
- China National Highway 219: Yecheng (Xinjiang) - Lazi (Tibet), 2,279 km
- China National Highway 220: Dongying (Shandong) - Zhengzhou (Henan), 570 km
- China National Highway 221: Harbin (Heilongjiang) - Tongjiang (Heilongjiang), 662 km
- China National Highway 222: Harbin (Heilongjiang) - Yichun (Heilongjiang), 358 km
- China National Highway 223: Haikou (Hainan) - Eastern Sanya (Hainan), 320 km
- China National Highway 224: Haikou (Hainan) - Central Sanya (Hainan), 293 km -- the shortest north-to-south China National Highway
- China National Highway 225: Haikou (Hainan) - Western Sanya (Hainan), 427 km
- China National Highway 226 missing
- China National Highway 227: Xining (Qinghai) - Zhangye (Gansu), 338 km
[edit] 300 Series
Note: 300 Series China National Highways form routes from west China to east China.
- China National Highway 301: Suifenhe (Heilongjiang) - Manzhouli (Inner Mongolia), 1,608 km
- China National Highway 302: Tumen (Jilin) - Ulanhot (Inner Mongolia), 981 km
- China National Highway 303: Ji'an (Jilin) - Xilinguole (Inner Mongolia), 1,201 km
- China National Highway 304: Dandong (Liaoning) - Huolin'guole (Inner Mongolia), 874 km
- China National Highway 305: Zhuanghe (Liaoning) - Linxi (Inner Mongolia), 816 km
- China National Highway 306: Suizhong (Liaoning) - Keshiketeng Banner (Inner Mongolia), 480 km
- China National Highway 307: Xincun (Hebei) - Yinchuan (Ningxia), 1,349 km
- China National Highway 308: Qingdao (Shandong) - Shijiazhuang (Hebei), 786 km
- China National Highway 309: Rongcheng (Shandong) - Lanzhou (Gansu), 2,372 km
- China National Highway 310: Lianyungang (Jiangsu) - Tianshui (Gansu), 1,395 km
- China National Highway 311: Xuzhou (Jiangsu) - Xixia (Henan), 738 km
- China National Highway 312: Shanghai - Huocheng / Horguos (Xinjiang), 4,552 km
- China National Highway 313: Anxi (Gansu) - Ruoqiang (Xinjiang), 821 km
- China National Highway 314: Urumqi (Xinjiang) - Hongqilapu / Khunjerab Pass (Xinjiang), 1,784 km
- China National Highway 315: Xining (Qinghai) - Kashi (Xinjiang), 3,048 km
- China National Highway 316: Fuzhou (Fujian) - Lanzhou (Gansu), 2,678 km
- China National Highway 317: Chengdu (Sichuan) - Naqu (Tibet), 2,028 km
- China National Highway 318: Shanghai - Zhanmuzhen (Tibet), 5,334 km -- the longest China National Highway from west to east
- China National Highway 319: Xiamen (Fujian) - Chengdu (Sichuan), 3,027 km
- China National Highway 320: Shanghai- Ruili (Yunnan), 3,748 km
- China National Highway 321: Guangzhou (Guangdong) - Chengdu (Sichuan), 2,168 km
- China National Highway 322: Hengyang (Hunan) - Friendship Pass (Guangxi, China - Vietnam Border), 1,119 km
- China National Highway 323: Ruijin (Jiangxi) - Lincang (Yunnan), 2,926 km
- China National Highway 324: Fuzhou (Fujian) - Kunming (Yunnan), 2,583 km
- China National Highway 325: Guangzhou (Guangdong) - Nanning (Guangxi), 831 km
- China National Highway 326: Xiushan (Chongqing) - Hekou (Yunnan), 1,674 km
- China National Highway 327: Heze (Shandong) - Lianyungang (Jiangsu), 421 km
- China National Highway 328: Nanjing (Jiangsu) - Hai'an (Jiangsu), 295 km -- the shortest west-to-east China National Highway
- China National Highway 329: Hangzhou (Zhejiang) - Shenjiamen (Zhejiang), 296 km
- China National Highway 330: Shouchang (Zhejiang) - Wenzhou (Zhejiang), 331 km
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Ministry of Communications (Chinese)
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