Château Lafite Rothschild
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Château Lafite Rothschild is a wine estate in France owned by members of the Rothschild banking family of France. The name Lafite comes from the Gascon term "la hite" meaning "small hill".
Only four wine-producing Châteaux of Bordeaux achieved First Growth status in the 1855 Classification, which was based on recent prices. Of those, the first one in the list is Château Lafite Rothschild, a consistent producer of one of the world's most expensive red wines.
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[edit] History
Situated in the great wine-producing village of Pauillac in the Médoc region to the north-west of Bordeaux, the estate was the property of Gombaud de Lafite in 1234.[1] In the 17th century, the property of Château Lafite was purchased by the Ségur family, including the 16th century manor house that still stands. Although vines almost certainly already existed on the site, around 1680, Jacques de Ségur planted the majority of the vineyard.
In the early 18th century, Nicolas-Alexandre, marquis de Ségur refined the wine-making techniques of the estate, and introduced his wines to the upper echelons of European society. Before long he was known as the "Wine Prince", and the wine of Château Lafite called "The King's Wine" thanks to the influential support of the Maréchal de Richelieu. Towards the end of the 18th century, Lafite's reputation was assured and even Thomas Jefferson visited the estate and became a lifelong customer.
Following the French Revolution, the period known as Reign of Terror led to the execution of Nicolas Pierre de Pichard on June 30, 1794, bringing an end to the Ségur family's ownership of the estate which became public property.[1] In 1797 the vineyards were sold to a group of Dutch merchants.
The first half of the 19th century saw Lafite in the hands of the Vanlerberghe family and the wine improved more, including the great vintages of 1795, 1798 and 1818. On August 8, 1868, the Château was purchased by Baron James Mayer Rothschild for 4.4 million francs, and the estate became Château Lafite Rothschild. Baron James, however, died just 3 months after purchasing Lafite. The estate then became the joint property of his three sons: Alphonse, Gustave and Edmond.
The 20th century has seen periods of success and difficulty, coping with post-phylloxera vines, and two world wars. During the Second World War the Château was occupied by the German army, and suffered heavily from plundering of its cellars. Succeeding his uncle Élie de Rothschild, Lafite has been under the direction of Eric de Rothschild since 1974.
[edit] Vineyard
The vineyard is one of the largest in the Médoc at around 1 km², and produces around 35,000 cases annually, of which between 15,000 and 25,000 are of its famous first growth. Its vines are around 70 % Cabernet Sauvignon, 25 % Merlot, 3 % Cabernet Franc, and 2 % Petit Verdot, whereas the final wine is between 80 and 95 % Cabernet Sauvignon, 5 and 20 % Merlot, and up to 3 % Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot. Occasionally exceptions are made, such as the 1961 vintage which was 100 % Cabernet Sauvignon.
[edit] Wines
In addition to the first growth, around a third of the wine is released as a second wine under the label Carruades de Lafite.[2]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Lichine, Alexis (1967). Alexis Lichine's Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits. London: Cassell & Company Ltd., pp.316-318.
- ^ H. Johnson & J. Robinson The World Atlas of Wine pg 90 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 ISBN 1840003324
[edit] External links
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