Carbon budget
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Carbon Budget
Carbon budget refers to the contribution of various sources of carbon dioxide on the planet, and has nothing to do with political agendas, climate change legislation, carbon controls, carbon storage, or geopolitical carbon footprint.
Balancing the Carbon Budget
Carbon budget figures are normally documented by mass of carbon. Documenting carbon budget figure by mass of carbon dioxide is limiting as sometimes the transfer of carbon from one system to another is via a compound other than carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide mass inputs (eg. IPCC, 2007) can be too easily misread. The 28,556 megatons of carbond ioxide chalked up to fossil fuel combustion by the IPCC represents only 7.8 GtC annually.
CARBON SOURCES (Annual):
- 80.4 GtC by soil respiration and fermentation (Raich et al., 2002)
- 38 GtC and rising by 0.5 GtC per annum by cumulative photosynthesis deficit(Casey, 2008)
- ? by post-clearance deflation (See Eswaran, 1993)
- 7.8 GtC (IPCC, 2007 - Needs peer reviewed reference)
- 2.3 GtC by process of deforestation (IPCC, 2007; Melillo et al., 1996; Haughton & Hackler, 2002)
- 0.03 GtC? by Volcanos
- ? by Tectonic rifts
- ? by Animal Respiration
- ? by Plant Respiration
CARBON SINKS (Annual):
- 120 GtC by Photosynthesis (Bowes, 1991)
- ? By Ocean Cabonate Buffer
CUMULATIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS DEFICIT (Casey, 2008)
(Source: <a href="http://deforestation.geologist-1011.net" Title="Deforestation and Carbon Emission">http://deforestation.geologist-1011.net</a>)
Carbon pooled in photosynthesising biota is 560 GtC (Schlesinger, 1991). Carbon released by deforestation between 1850-2000 is 156 GtC (Haughton & Hackler, 2002), reducing the total photosynthesising biomass to 540 GtC in 2000.
Reduction in photosynthesis between 1850-2000: 156 / (540 + 156) = ~22%
120 = (100-22=78)% of 154 GtCpa - a difference of ~34 GtCpa in 2000
Given the increase of 0.5 GtCpa over the past eight years since 2000, this figure would be closer to 38GtCpa in 2008.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bowes, G., 1991, "Growth at Elevated CO2: Photosynthetic Responses Mediated through Rubisco", Plant Cell & Environment, v. 14. pp. 795-806
Casey, T., 2008, "Deforestation and Carbon Emission", <a href="http://deforestation.geologist-1011.net" Title="Deforestation and Carbon Emission">http://deforestation.geologist-1011.net</a>
Eswaran, H., Van Den Berg, E., Reich, P., 1993, "Organic carbon in soils of the world",Soil Science Society of America Journal, V. 57, pp. 192-194
Houghton, R. A., & Hackler, J. L., 2002, "Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change", Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.
IPCC, 2007, "Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report - Summary for Policymakers", Fourth Assessment Report
Melillo, J. M., Houghton, R. A., Kicklighter, D. W., & McGuire, A. D., 1996, "Tropical Deforestation and the Global Carbon Budget", Annual Reviw of Energy and the Environment, v. 21, pp 293-310
Raich, J. W., Potter, C. S., & Bhagawati, D., 2002, "Interannual variability in global soil respiration, 1980-94", Global Change Biology, v. 8, pp. 800-812
Schlesinger, W. H., 1991, "Climate, Environment, and Ecology", NASA no. 19990036602. Climate Change: Science, Impacts and Policy; UNITED STATES.
