Campo Grande
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| Campo Grande | |||
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| Nickname: Cidade Morena | |||
| Motto: "Poder, prosperidade e altruísmo" (Portuguese) "Power, prosperity and altruism" |
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| Country |  Brazil |
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| Region | Center-West | ||
| State | Mato Grosso do Sul | ||
| Founded | 1899 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Nelson Trad Filho (PMDB) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 8,110 km² (3,131.3 sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 334 km² (129 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 532 m (1,745 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 765,247 | ||
| - Density | 94.5/km² (244.8/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 90% | ||
| Time zone | UTC-4 (UTC-4) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (UTC-3) | ||
| HDI (2000) | 0.814 – high | ||
| Website: Campo Grande, MS | |||
Campo Grande (lit. Big Field) is the capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the center-west region of Brazil. It is located at .
The region where the city is located was in the past a mandatory way for travellers who wanted to go from São Paulo or Minas Gerais to the northern Mato Grosso by land. During the early 1900s the railway was completed, connecting Campo Grande to Corumbá, in the northwest region of the state, and to Bauru, São Paulo. Also in the beginning of the 20th century, the Western Brazilian Army Headquarters was established in Campo Grande, making it an important military center.
Campo Grande has worthy characteristics of a metropolis. With a populatinal growth of 140,000 people in 1970 up to 800,000 people in 2007, it became the third biggest urban center and is considered the third moset developed city of the Center-West region and 23th largest city of Brazil.
In 1977, the State of Mato Grosso was split in two, and Campo Grande became the capital of the new state, that consists of the southern portion of the original state of Mato Grosso. Today, the city has its own culture, which is a mixture of several ethnic groups, most notably immigrants from the Japanese island of Okinawa, Lebanon and Portugal, White people from the Brazilian Southern and Southeast Regions and natives.
The Campo Grande International Airport connects Campo Grande with Brazilian cities and also operates international flights.
The city is home to the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul.
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[edit] History
Campo Grande started as a small village founded in 1877 by farmers José Antônio Pereira and Manoel Vieira de Sousa (a.k.a. Manoel Olivério) who came from Minas Gerais just after the end of the War of the Triple Alliance. They founded the village, known at that time as Santo Antônio de Campo Grande, near the Serra de Maracaju cliffs, at the confluence of two streams. These streams were named Prosa and Segredo (Portuguese for conversation and secret respectively) and today their wetted perimeters are two of the most important avenues of the city. In the end of 1877 the founder built the first church of the village. The roughly aligned houses formed the first street, known as Rua Velha (Old Street), today Rua 26 de Agosto (26th of August Street). This street ended where today one finds a square in honor of the immigrants that came to the city later.
The city started to develop relatively fast because of its privileged climate and location. These factors drew people from other regions of the country, especially the South, the Southeast and the Northeast regions. The settlement was officially recognized as a municipality by the State Government on August 26, 1899 and renamed Campo Grande.
[edit] Geography
| Climate chart for Campo Grande | |||||||||||
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| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
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142
31
22
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114
31
22
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104
32
22
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69
31
21
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53
28
18
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34
28
17
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17
28
16
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20
30
18
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58
31
19
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97
32
21
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94
32
22
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140
31
22
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| temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: MSN Weather |
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Imperial conversion
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[edit] Climate
This climate is tropical of altitude, semi-humid, hot, and notedly seasonal, with a dry winter season from May through September or October. The annual rainfall is around 1,500 mm. January is the warmest and rainiest month, with mean highs of 31°C (87.8°F) and lows of 22°C (71.6°F). July brings on sunny days but somewhat cooler temperatures, with mean highs of 28°C (82.4°F) and lows of 16°C (60.8°F).
[edit] Vegetation
The "cerrado" landscape is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys. Cerrado includes various types of vegetation. Humid fields and "buriti" palm paths are found where the water table is near the surface. Alpine pastures occur at higher altitudes and mesophytic forests on more fertile soils.The "cerrado" trees have characteristic twisted trunks covered by a thick bark, and leaves which are usually broad and rigid. Many herbaceous plants have extensive roots to store water and nutrients. The plant's thick bark and roots serve as adaptations for the periodic fires which sweep the cerrado landscape. The adaptations protect the plants from destruction and make them capable of sprouting again after the fire.
[edit] Economy
Most of the city's active labor is absorbed by the tertiary sector (commerce and service). Despite that, the primary and secondary sectors, especially the agro-industry, play an important role in the local economy. The farming of bovine livestock supplies the local slaughterhouses, which in turn allows Campo Grande to export meat to other states in Brazil and abroad. Beyond the food-processing and agroindustry, there are other sectors of activity, including the processing of non-metallic minerals and civil construction. The main agricultural cultures are soy, rice and manioc. Recently, sugar cane is gaining importance as well. According to the IBGE, Campo Grande has a total of 11,657 commercial establishments and 1,300 industries of transformation.
The GDP for the city was R$ 6,903,356,000 (2005).[1]
The per capita income for the city was R$ 9,207 (2005).[2]
[edit] Education
Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.
[edit] Educational institutions
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS);
- Centro Universitário de Campo Grande (UNAES);
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB);
- Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e Região do Pantanal (UNIDERP);
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS);
- Faculdade Estácio de Sá;
- Instituto de Ensino Superior da Funlec;
- Faculdade Mato Grosso do Sul (FACSUL);
- Faculdade Campo Grande (FCG).
[edit] Infrastructure
[edit] International Airport
The operation of Campo Grande International Airport is shared with the Campo Grande Air Base. The airport has two runways. Construction of the main runway, made of concrete, began in 1950 and was finished in 1953. The passenger terminal was concluded in 1964, and in 1967 concrete aprons were built for both military and civilian aircraft. As commercial aviation demand grew, it became necessary to widen the civil aircraft apron, which was completed 12 years after its construction. The airport has been administered by Infraero since 1975.
[edit] Railroad
Railroad: the town is attended by a system of railway transport under administration of Novoeste, which interconnects with other cities in the state, in a line that traverses Bauru and São Paulo state all the way to Corumbá. This mode of transport has had significant effects on the transport infrastructure, allowing the export of important products of the state to other centres of production and consumption.
[edit] Highways
BR-060, BR-163 and BR-262 (federal) and several state highways.
[edit] Problems
The horizontal instead of vertical expansion of the city results in a low population density, long distances, and relatively remote neighborhoods with little infrastructure, in addition to significant amounts of empty land. According to urban planners, Campo Grande is changing. The number of slums is one of the lowest in the country and the rates of violence are low. Currently, Campo Grande has around 13 slums remaining and it hopes to become the first state capital of the country to eliminate all its slums.
[edit] Culture
[edit] Festa Junina (Saint John Festival)
Festa Junina was introduced to Northeastern Brazil by the Portuguese for whom St John's day (also celebrated as Midsummer Day in several European countries), on the 24th of June, is one of the oldest and most popular celebrations of the year. Differently, of course, from what happens on the European Midsummer Day, the festivities in Brazil do not take place during the summer solstice but during the tropical winter solstice. The festivities traditionally begin after the 12th of June, on the eve of St Anthony's day, and last until the 29th, which is Saint Peter's day. During these fifteen days, there are bonfires, fireworks, and folk dancing in selected places. Once exclusively a rural festivity, today, in Brazil, it is largely a city festival during which people joyfully and theatrically mimic peasant stereotypes and clichés in a spirit of joke and good time. Typical refreshments and dishes are served. It should be noted that, like during Carnival, these festivities involve costumes-wearing (in this case, peasant costumes), dancing, and visual spectacles (fireworks display and folk dancing).
Like what happens on Midsummer and St John's Day in Europe, bonfires are a central part of these festivities in Brazil.
[edit] Campo Grande Film Festival
It's a film festival held annually in the months of January and February and has been arranged since 2004. It focuses on the independent cinema presenting Brazilian films and foreign films as well. It also presents regional films and short films.
[edit] City tour
It is the tourist bus that takes care of the city. The drawing of the collective one is the great prominence and was developed by the Marcopolo company. The model is a Viale Double Decker SUNNY of two floors, being the opened superior floor, what it makes possible to the passengers a reasonable sight of all the tourist points. With capacity for 74 places, it possesses banks with security belts, internal camera in the superior floor, microphone with loudspeakers, electronic itinerary, slope of access and space reserved for deficient physicists.
Bureau was idealized with the partnership between the Campo Grande Pantanal Convention & Visitors and the City hall of Campo Grande. Its passage is concluded in about 2 hours and 30 minutes, in 48 a total passage of km. It passes in 46 tourist points.
During the stroll a guide counts a little of the history of Campo Grande.[3]
[edit] Carnival
The four-day period before Lent leading up to Ash Wednesday is carnival time in Brazil. Rich and poor alike forget their cares as they party in the streets.
[edit] Sports and automobilism
[edit] Automobilism
The city is served by:
- Orlando Moura International Autodrome: runway of 3,433 meters.
- Kartodromo Ayrton Senna: runway of 930 meters.
[edit] Clubs and stadiums
The stadiums receiving official games are:
- Estádio Morenão;
- Estádio Belmar Fidalgo;
- Estádio Jacques da Luz;
- Estádio do Conjunto Habitacional Estrela do Sul;
- Estádio do Esporte Clube Comercial;
- Estádio Elias Gadia.
The main times councils are:
- Esporte Clube Comercial;
- Operário Futebol Clube;
- Associação Atlética Moreninhas;
- Associação Atlética Portuguesa;
- Clube de Esportes União-CEU;
- Esporte Clube Campo Grande;
- Esporte Clube Taveirópolis.
[edit] World Cup of 2014 in Brazil
Campo Grande is one of the candidates to be one of the subsedes Cup of 2014 in Brazil. The city has reasonable infrastructure that meet the demands of FIFA, in addition to a good urban planning. Campo Grande competes directly with the city of Cuiaba and indirectly with the cities of Goiania and Brasilia to be sub-headquarters. He was offered the Stadium Pedro Pedrossian to be the venue of the games in the municipality. Campo Grande is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the only South American bidder.
[edit] Gymasiums
There are 45 gyms throughout the city. The main ones are: Centro de Treinamento Esportivo-Funcesp, Centro Esportivo Paulo VI, Centro Poliesportivo da Moderna Associação Campograndense de Ensino-MACE, Ginásio da Associação Esportiva Cultural Nipo Brasileira, Ginásio da Escola Lúcia Martins Coelho, Ginásio da União Campograndense Estudantil-UCE, Ginásio da União dos Sargentos, Ginásio de Esportes Amadeu Mena Gonçalves (UFMS)-Moreninho, Ginásio de Esportes Avelino dos Reis-Guanandizão, Ginásio do Clube do Trabalhador, Ginásio do Parque Ayrton Senna, Ginásio do Sesc Camillo Bonni, Ginásio do Sindicato dos Bancários, Ginásio Poliesportivo Dom Bosco e Ginásio Poliesportivo do Colégio Auxiliadora.
[edit] Sister cities
Campo Grande's sister cities is:
[edit] References
- ^ (2005) GDP (PDF) (in Portuguese), Campo Grande, Brazil: IBGE. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved on 2007-07-18.
- ^ (2005) per capita income (PDF) (in Portuguese), Campo Grande, Brazil: IBGE. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved on 2007-07-18.
- ^ (2006) More Information (PDF) (in Portuguese), Campo Grande, Brazil: Campo Grande CVB. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
[edit] External links
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