Blackburn Shark
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| Blackburn Shark | |
|---|---|
 RCAF Blackburn Shark Mk II |
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| Type | torpedo-spotter-reconnaissance aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Blackburn Aircraft |
| Maiden flight | 24 August 1933 |
| Introduced | 1934 |
| Retired | 1945 |
| Primary users | Fleet Air Arm RCAF |
| Produced | 1937-1939 |
| Number built | 269 |
The Blackburn Shark was a British carrier-borne torpedo bomber built by the Blackburn Aircraft company in England. It first flew on 24 August 1933 and went into service with the Fleet Air Arm, Royal Canadian Air Force, Portuguese Navy, and the British Air Observers' School, but was already obsolescent in 1937 and in the following year, replacement by the Fairey Swordfish began.
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[edit] Design and development
The Blackburn Shark was designed and built, initially as a private venture, to Air Ministry Specification S.15/33 for a torpedo-spotter-reconnaissance aircraft to be operated by the Fleet Air Arm. It had a crew of three, with observer/wireless operator and gunner sharing the second cockpit (open on Mks I and II, enclosed on Mk III). Armament comprised one fixed forward-firing 0.303 in (7.7-mm) Vickers machine gun plus a ring-mounted Vickers K machine gun in the rear cockpit, plus provision for a 1,500 lb torpedo or equivalent bomb-load externally. The Blackburn "B-6" prototype with a 700 hp Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IV was flown at Brough on 24 August 1933. [1] The aircraft subsequently began Naval aviation tests at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE), RAF Martlesham Heath on 26 November 1933.
The following year, deck landing trails on the HMS Courageous proved successful with Blackburn winning an order from the Fleet Air Arm in August 1934, to contract No 334315/34 and the new Specification 13/35. I, and further contract No 510994/35 to Specification 19/36 issued in January 1937.
The prototype was subsequently fitted with twin floats and was test flown at Brough in April 1935 with successful sea trials taking place at the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment Felixstowe. More contracts followed, and during the three years of production 238 Sharks were delivered to the Fleet Air Arm, comprising 16 Mk I (Tiger IV), 126 Mk II (760 hp Tiger VI) and 95 Mk III (760 hp Tiger VI).[2]
[edit] Operational history
The Shark entered service with 820 Naval Air Squadron in May 1935, replacing Fairey Seals, equipping a further two squadrons (810 and 821) in 1936.[2] Front line service was short lived, the type being replaced by the Fairey Swordfish in 1937.[3]
At least 22 Mk Us and IIIs (all brought up to Mk III standard) were converted 1937/38 as target tugs and operated in this role and for training and communications until 1942. Blackburn Sharks based in RAF Seletar as target tugs operated against Japanese invaders over Malaya in January 1942.
[edit] Canadian Sharks
The RCAF purchased seven Blackburn Shark II (760 hp Tiger VI) in 1936 for service with No 6 (TB) Squadron, later operating as No 6 (BR) Sqn on shipping patrols off the Canadian west coast. Two Blackburn Shark IIIs (800 hp Pegasus III) were supplied to RCAF by Blackburn in 1939 as forerunners of 17 similar aircraft built by Boeing Aircraft of Canada at Vancouver, with 840 hp Pegasus IX and used by Nos 6 and 4 (BR) Squadrons. RCAF Blackburn Sharks, some of which operated as floatplanes, were withdrawn from service in August 1944 and five were then transferred to the RN Air Observers' School in Trinidad.
[edit] Variants
- B-3 : Torpedo-bomber prototype.
- B-6 : Shark prototype.
- Shark Mk I : Two or three-seat torpedo-bomber, reconnaissance aircraft for the Royal Navy. Powered by a 700-hp (522-kW) Armstrong-Siddeley Tiger IV radial piston engine.
- Shark Mk II : Two or three-seat torpedo-bomber, reconnaissance aircraft for the Royal Navy and RCAF. Powered by a 760 hp (567-kW) Armstrong-Siddeley Tiger VI radial piston engine.
- Shark Mk IIA : Two or three-seat torpedo-bomber, reconnaissance floatplanes for the Portuguese Navy. Powered by a 760-hp (567-kW) Armstrong-Siddeley Tiger VIC radial piston engine. Six built.
- Shark Mk III : Two or three-seat torpedo-bomber, reconnaissance aircraft for the Royal Navy. Fitted with a glazed canopy. Powered by a 800-hp (597-kW) Bristol Pegasus III radial piston engine.
[edit] Operators
- Portuguese Navy - Six aircraft
[edit] Specifications (Shark Mark II)
Data from The British Bomber since 1914,[4]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Length: 35 ft 3 in (10.75 m)
- Wingspan: 46 ft (14.02 m)
- Height: 12 ft 1 in (3.68 m)
- Wing area: 489 ft² (45 m²)
- Empty weight: 4,039 lb (1,836 kg)
- Loaded weight: 8,111 lb (3,687 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Armstrong Siddeley Tiger VI 14 cylinder radial, 760 hp (567 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 130 kn (150 mph, 242 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 103 kn (118 mph, 190 km/h)
- Range: 543 Nmi (625 mi, 1,006 km)
- Service ceiling 15,600 ft (4,760 m)
- Rate of climb: 895 ft/min (4.55 m/s)
- Wing loading: 16.6 lb/ft² (81.9 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.0937 hp/lb (0.154 kW/kg)
- Climb to 6,500 ft: 7 min 6 sec
- Endurance 4.9 hours
Armament
- Guns: One fixed forward firing 0.303 in Vickers gun and one flexible 0.303 in Vickers K gun.
- Bombs: One 1,800 lb 18 inch torpedo or 1,600 lb bombs.
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
[edit] Bibliography
- Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.
- Taylor, John W.R. "Blackburn Shark." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
- Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft Since 1912, . London: Putnam, Fourth Edition, 1978. ISBN 0-370-30021-1.
- Vincent, Carl. The Blackburn Shark (Canada's Wings Vol. 1). Stittsville, Ontario: Canada's Wings, 1974.
[edit] See also
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