BBC Regional Programme
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The BBC Regional Programme was a BBC radio station from the 1920s until the outbreak of World War II.
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[edit] Foundation
When the BBC first began transmissions on 14 November 1922, the technology for both national coverage and joint programming between transmitters did not exist. Whilst it was possible to combine large numbers of trunk telephone lines to link transmitters for individual programmes, the process was expensive and not encouraged by the General Post Office as it tied up large parts of the telephone network. Therefore, the stations that followed the establishment of 2LO in London were autonomously programmed using local talent and facilities.
By May 1923, simultaneous broadcasting was technically possible, at least between main transmitters and relay stations, but the quality was not felt to be high enough to provide a national service or regular simultaneous broadcasts.
In 1924, it was felt that technical standards had improved enough for London to start to provide the majority of the output, cutting the local stations back to providing items of local interest.
[edit] Original regional stations
Each of these stations broadcast at approximately 1 kW.
| Airdate | Station ID | City | Initial Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 November 1922 | 2LO | London | 822 kHz |
| 15 November 1922 | 5IT | Birmingham | 626 kHz |
| 15 November 1922 | 2ZY | Manchester | 794 kHz |
| 24 December 1922 | 5NO | Newcastle-upon-Tyne | 743 kHz |
| 13 February 1923 | 5WA | Cardiff | 850 kHz |
| 6 March 1923 | 5SC | Glasgow | 711 kHz |
| 17 October 1923 | 6BM | Bournemouth | 777 kHz |
| 16 November 1923 | 2FL | Sheffield | 980 kHz |
| 28 March 1924 | 5PY | Plymouth | 887 kHz |
| 14 September 1924 | 2BE | Belfast | 682 kHz |
[edit] Relay stations
Each of these stations broadcast at approximately 120 W
| Airdate | Station ID | City | Relay of | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 May 1924 | 2EH | Edinburgh | 5SC | 914 kHz |
| 11 June 1924 | 6LV | Liverpool | 2ZY | 906 kHz |
| 8 July 1924 | 2LS | Leeds and Bradford | 2ZY | 935 kHz |
| 15 August 1924 | 6KH | Kingston-upon-Hull | 2ZY | 896 kHz |
| 16 September 1924 | 5NG | Nottingham | 2ZY | 920 kHz |
| 9 November 1924 | 2DE | Dundee | 2BD | 952 kHz |
| 21 November 1924 | 6ST | Stoke-on-Trent | 2ZY | 996 kHz |
| 12 December 1924 | 5SX | Swansea | 5WA | 622 kHz |
[edit] The Regional Scheme
On 21 August 1927, the BBC opened a high power mediumwave transmitter at Daventry, 5GB, to replace the existing local stations in the English Midlands. That allowed the experimental longwave transmitter 5XX to provide a service programmed from London for the majority of the population. This came to be called the BBC National Programme.
By combining the resources of the local stations into one regional station in each area, with a basic sustaining service from London, the BBC hoped to increase programme quality whilst also centralising the management of the radio service. This was known as The Regional Scheme.
Each local transmitter was slowly either converted to a regional service relay or closed entirely and replaced by high power regional broadcasts. Some local studios were retained to provide for programming from specific areas within each region. Most transmitters also carried the BBC National Programme on a local frequency to supplement the longwave broadcasts from 5XX, Scotland receiving a modified service known as the "Scottish National Programme".
[edit] Regional transmitters
| Airdate | Transmitter | Region | Frequency (1939) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 August 1927 | Daventry (later Droitwich) | Midland | 1013 kHz |
| 21 October 1929 | Brookmans Park | Basic Regional Programme (London) | 877 kHz |
| 17 May 1931 | Moorside Edge | North | 668 kHz |
| 12 June 1932 | Westerglen | Scottish | 767 kHz |
| 28 May 1933 | Washford | Wales and the West of England | (West Regional until 1935 Welsh Regional thereafter) |
| 1936 | Lisnagarvey | Northern Ireland (opt-out from North Region) | 977 kHz |
| 1937 | Stagshaw | North East England (opt-out from North region) | 1122 kHz |
| 1937 | Burghead | Scottish (for northern Scotland) | 767 kHz |
| 1937 | Penmon | Welsh (end of joint Wales/West service) | 804 kHz |
| 1937 | Washford | West (end of joint Wales/West service) | 1013 kHz |
Note: The London region was not generally known by that name. As the sustaining service, it was referred to as "the basic Regional Programme". Brookmans Park supplied programmes for London, South East England and much of East Anglia.
[edit] Closure
Upon the outbreak of World War II, the BBC closed the Regional Programme and combined it with the National Programme to form a single channel known as the BBC Home Service.
The former transmitters of the Regional Programme continued to broadcast this service, although their frequencies were synchronised together to allow them to all broadcast on just two wavelengths (668 and 767 kHz) and therefore be turned off in sequence to prevent the signals being used as navigational beacons for enemy aircraft during the Blitz.
Shortly after VE-Day, the BBC reintroduced the regional service, but kept the title "BBC Home Service". The longwave frequency (200 kHz) of the former National Programme became the BBC Light Programme.
[edit] Inheritance
Both the Regional Programme and the National Programme provided a mixed mainstream radio service. Whilst the two services provided different programming, allowing listeners a choice, they were not streamed to appeal to different audiences. Therefore, the pre-war Regional Programme, whilst using the same regions, frequencies and transmitters as the post-war Home Service, was not the middlebrow news and drama station is successor became. Similarly. the pre-war National Programme was not the general entertainment network its successor the Light Programme became.
[edit] References
- Various authors The B.B.C. Year-book 1933 London: British Broadcasting Corporation 1932
- Various authors BBC Year Book 1947 London: British Broadcasting Corporation 1947
- Graham, Russ J A local service Radiomusications from Transdiffusion, undated; accessed 5 February 2006
- Graham, Russ J A new lease of life Radiomusications from Transdiffusion, undated; accessed 5 February 2006
- Groves, Paul History of radio transmission part 1: 1922 - 1967 Frequency Finder, undated; accessed 5 February 2006
- Paulu, Burton Radio and Television Broadcasting on the European Continent Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1967
[edit] Further reading
- Briggs, Asa History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom Oxford:Oxford University Press 1995 ISBN 0-19-212930-9
[edit] External links
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