Autonomous okrugs of Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
2. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
3. Nenets Autonomous Okrug
4. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
An autonomous okrug may refer to administrative units created for a number of smaller nations in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, which were given autonomy within the oblasts or krais. Currently, the Russian Federation is divided into 83 federal subjects, of which four are avtonomnyye okruga ("autonomous districts", sing. avtonomny okrug).
[edit] History
Originally called national okrugs, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to empasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution postulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised in December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.
[edit] Past and present
As of 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Their current status (as of December 2007) within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses for autonomous okrugs which had a change in status:
- Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (now Agin-Buryat Okrug within Zabaykalsky Krai)
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug within Magadan Oblast (no longer subordinated to Magadan Oblast)
- Evenk Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai (now merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai)
- Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast
- Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (now Komi-Permyak Okrug within Perm Krai)
- Koryak Autonomous Okrug within Kamchatka Oblast (now Koryak Okrug within Kamchatka Krai)
- Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Arkhangelsk Oblast
- Taymyr Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai (now merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai)
- Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug within Irkutsk Oblast (now merged into Irkutsk Oblast)
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast
[edit] See also
- Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union
- Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
- Federal subjects of Russia
- Republics of Russia
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