Antillocladius

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Antillocladius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Chironomidae Subfamily: Orthocladiinae Genus: Antillocladius Sæther, 1981

Antillocladius is a genus of flies belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name Antillocladius means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.

The genus Antillocladius is distributed in the Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic (East Asia) and Indomalayan ecozones. The genus was erected by Sæther (1981) based on A. antecalvus Sæther, 1981, from the British West Indies. Subsequently, Sæther (1982) described two new species from the southeastern United States and amended the genus. Wang and Sæther (1993) described two additional new species from Palaearctic and Oriental China. Andersen and Contreras-Ramos (1999) described the first species from Continental South America (Ecuador). Recently revised by Mendes, Andersen & Sæther (2004), with the addition of nine species, plus two Japanese species transferred to the genus (Yamamoto, 2004). The genus thus comprises:

• Antillocladius antecalvus Sæther, 1981 - recorded from Saint Vincent, Brazil and Venezuela
• Antillocladius arcuatus Sæther, 1982 - recorded from USA, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela
• Antillocladius biota Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
• Antillocladius calakmulensis Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
• Antillocladius folius Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
• Antillocladius herradurus Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
• Antillocladius musci Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
• Antillocladius pluspilalus Sæther, 1982 - recorded from USA, Ecuador, Mexico and Nicaragua
• Antillocladius scalpellatus Wang et Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Russia
• Antillocladius skartveiti Andersen et Contreras-Ramos, 1999 - recorded from Ecuador
• Antillocladius sooretama Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
• Antillocladius tokarameneus (Sasa & Suzuki, 1995) - recorded from Japan
• Antillocladius ubatuba Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
• Antillocladius venequatoriensis Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Venezuela and Ecuador
• Antillocladius yakyijeus (Sasa & Suzuki, 2000) - recorded from Japan
• Antillocladius zempoalensis Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
• Antillocladius zhengi Wang et Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Thailand

The species are based on male genitalia characters and only two females are described, A. musci and A. antecalvus. The pupae are known of only four species, A. antecalvus, A. folius, A. musci and A. pluspilalus. The larvae are known of only three species, A. folius, A. musci and A. pluspilalus.

The immatures of the genus are described from terrestrial and semi-terrestrial habitats, sharing the environment with many other genera in the subfamily Orthocladiinae.

[edit] References

• Andersen, T. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (1999) First record of Antillocladius Sæther from Continental South America (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). [[Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae]] 45, 149–154.

• Coffman, W.P., Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1986) The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. [[Entomologica scandinavica]], Supplement, 28, 147–298.

• Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1983) The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. [[Entomologica scandinavica]], Supplement 19, 149–291.

• Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1989) The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. [[Entomologica scandinavica]], Supplement 34, 165–352.

• Mendes, H.F., Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (2004b) A review of Antillocladius Sæther, 1981; Compterosmittia Sæther, 1981 and Litocladius new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). [[Zootaxa]] 594, 1–82.

• Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). [[Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology]], 46, 255-288.

• Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2000) Studies on the Chironomid Midges Collected on Yakushima Island, Souhwestern Japan. [[Tropical Medicine]] 42, 53-134.

• Sæther, O.A. (1981) Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) from the British West Indies with desciptions of Antillocladius n. gen., [[Lipurometriocmemus]] n. gen. , [[Compterosmittia]] n. gen. and [[Diplosmittia]] n. gen. – [[Entomogica scandinavica]], Supplement,16, 1-46.

• Sæther, O.A. (1982) Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE U.S.A., with descriptions of [[Plhudsonia]], [[Unniella]] and [[Platysmittia]] n. genera and [[Atelopodella]] n. subgen. [[Entomologica scandinavica]] 13, 465–510.

• Sæther, O.A. (1984) The immatures of Antillocladius Sæther, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae). [[Aquatic Insects]] 6, 1–6.

• Spies, M. & Reiss, F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). [[Spixiana]], Supplement 22, 61–119.

• Tiunova, T.M., Teslenko, V.A., Arefina, T.I., Makarchenko, M.A. & Zorina, O.V. (2003) Fauna of aquatic insects in Barabashevka River basin (Southern Primorye). In: Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, vol 2. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 61-69. [in Russian].

• Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of chironomids from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed) Late 20th Century Research on Chironomide: An Anthology from the 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Freiburg, 5-9 September 1997. Aachen, Shaker Verlag, 629–652.

• Wang, X. & Sæther, O.A. (1993) First Palaearctic and Oriental records of the orthoclad genus Antillocladius Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae). [[Entomologica scandinavica]] 24, 227–230.

• Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). [[Makunagi]]/ Acta Dipterologica 21, 1-121.