António Óscar Carmona

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António Óscar Carmona
Minister for War
In office November 15, 1923 – December 18, 1923
Prime Minister	António Ginestal Machado
Preceded by	António Maria da Silva (interim) Fernando Augusto Freiria (effective)
Succeeded by	António Germano Ribeiro de Carvalho
Minister for Foreign Affairs
In office June 3, 1926 – July 6, 1926
Prime Minister	José Mendes Cabeçadas (June 3, 1926–June 19, 1926) Manuel Gomes da Costa (June 19, 1926–July 6, 1926)
Preceded by	Armando Humberto da Gama Ochoa
Succeeded by	Martinho Nobre de Melo
11th President of Portugal (3rd of the Ditadura Nacional) (1st of the Estado Novo)
In office July 9, 1926 – April 18, 1951
Preceded by	Manuel Gomes da Costa
Succeeded by	António de Oliveira Salazar (interim) Francisco Craveiro Lopes (effective)
97th Prime Minister of Portugal (43rd of the Republic) (3rd of the Ditadura Nacional)
In office July 9, 1926 – April 18, 1928
President	Himself
Preceded by	Manuel Gomes da Costa
Succeeded by	José Vicente de Freitas
Minister for the War
In office July 9, 1926 – November 16, 1926
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Manuel Gomes da Costa
Succeeded by	Abílio Passos e Sousa
Born	24 November 1869(1869-11-24) Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Died	18 April 1951 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portuguese Republic
Political party	Independent National Union from 1932
Spouse	Maria do Carmo Ferreira da Silva
Occupation	Military officer (Marshal)

António Óscar Fragoso Carmona, ComC, GCA, ComSE, (sometimes called de Fragoso) (pronounced [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɔʃkaɾ fɾɐˈgozu kaɾˈmonɐ]; 1869-1951) was the eleventh President of Portugal (1926-1951), having been Minister of War in 1923 and then General Dictator (officially Prime Minister) of Portugal. He was born in Lisbon in 1869, and died in the same city on 18 April 1951.

Carmona saw his chance of rising in power after the 28th May revolution of 1926. A series of temporary rulers were elected by the military, with the first, José Mendes Cabeçadas being succeeded by Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, and then Carmona.

In 1927 Carmona appointed António de Oliveira Salazar as Minister of Finances. Impressed by Salazar's abilities, Carmona made Salazar President of the Council in 1932. As a result of this Salazar was now superior to Carmona. In 1933, with a new constitution of the "Estado Novo" in force, Carmona was finally made President of Portugal.

Unlike his predecessor Gomes da Costa, Carmona had not fought in a battle as a military leader: when the Portuguese went to Flanders in World War I, Carmona gave orders to his men and stayed in his office. After 1933 he became a mere object used by Salazar in official parties and inaugurations. Carmona no longer had any power.

However, apart from his political subservience to Salazar, Carmona played an important role during the popular revolts of 1935-1936 against Salazar. Carmona calmed the revolt by making speeches mentioning peace and security. He followed the same approach in World War II, to encourage the entire country with his attractive speeches, nevertheless having tremendous fights with his superior, Salazar. Salazar was able to fire Craveiro Lopes, Carmona's successor, but felt unable to fire Carmona because of the latter's reputation.

Carmona's period of office as President ended with his death, in 1951. He is buried in the Jerónimos Monastery at Belém, near Lisbon.

Carmona wrote a book of rules for the Cavalry School in 1913, and the book "Prefácio" in 1928.

He is the grand-uncle of a former Mayor of Lisbon, António Pedro Nobre Carmona Rodrigues (2004–2007).

Preceded by Manuel Gomes da Costa	Prime Minister of Portugal 1926–1928	Succeeded by José Vicente de Freitas
Preceded by Gomes da Costa	President of Portugal 1926–1951	Succeeded by António de Oliveira Salazar (interim) Francisco Craveiro Lopes (effective)

v • d • e Presidents of Portugal First Republic Manuel de Arriaga · Teófilo Braga · Bernardino Machado · Sidónio Pais · Canto e Castro · António José de Almeida · Teixeira Gomes · Bernardino Machado Second Republic Mendes Cabeçadas · Gomes da Costa · Óscar Carmona · Oliveira Salazar · Craveiro Lopes · Américo Thomaz Third Republic National Salvation Junta · António de Spínola · Costa Gomes · Ramalho Eanes · Mário Soares · Jorge Sampaio · Cavaco Silva

v • d • e Prime Ministers of Portugal during the Second Republic (Ditadura Nacional 1926–1933 and Estado Novo 1933–1974) Mendes Cabeçadas - Gomes da Costa - Óscar Carmona - Vicente de Freitas - Ivens Ferraz - Domingos Oliveira - Oliveira Salazar - Marcello Caetano « First Republic Third Republic »

Persondata
NAME	Carmona, António Óscar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Carmona, Óscar; Fragoso Carmona, António Óscar de (full name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	President of Portugal
DATE OF BIRTH	November 24, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH	Lisbon, Portugal
DATE OF DEATH	April 18, 1951
PLACE OF DEATH	Lisbon, Portugal