Aldosterone synthase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

CYP11B2; CPN2; CYP11B; ALDOS; CYP11BL; P-450C18; P450C18; P450aldo

External IDs

OMIM: 124080 MGI: 88583 HomoloGene: 73878

EC number

1.14.15.4

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• monooxygenase activity • steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity • iron ion binding • oxygen binding • heme binding • metal ion binding • corticosterone 18-monooxygenase activity
Cellular Component:	• mitochondrion • membrane
Biological Process:	• electron transport • lipid metabolic process • C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process • glucocorticoid biosynthetic process • steroid metabolic process • blood pressure regulation

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

n/a

n/a

Refseq

NM_000498 (mRNA)
NP_000489 (protein)

NM_001033229 (mRNA)
NP_001028401 (protein)

Location

Chr 8: 143.99 - 144 Mb

n/a

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Aldosterone synthase (or 18-hydroxylase) is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone.

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme has steroid 18-hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and 18-oxocortisol as well as steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. Mutations in this gene cause corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency.^[1]

It converts 11-deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone, to 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and finally to aldosterone:

11-Deoxycorticosterone

Corticosterone

18-hydroxycorticosterone

Aldosterone

It is found in the zona glomerulosa.

1 Additional images
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External links

[edit] Additional images

Steroidogenesis, showing aldosterone synthase at right.

Corticosteroid biosynthetic pathway in rat

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: CYP11B2 cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2.

[edit] Further reading

Helmberg A (1993). "Twin genes and endocrine disease: CYP21 and CYP11B genes.". Acta Endocrinol. 129 (2): 97–108. PMID 8372604.
Slight SH, Joseph J, Ganjam VK, Weber KT (1999). "Extra-adrenal mineralocorticoids and cardiovascular tissue.". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 31 (6): 1175–84. doi:10.1006/jmcc.1999.0963. PMID 10371693.
Stowasser M, Gunasekera TG, Gordon RD (2002). "Familial varieties of primary aldosteronism.". Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 28 (12): 1087–90. PMID 11903322.
Padmanabhan N, Padmanabhan S, Connell JM (2002). "Genetic basis of cardiovascular disease--the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a paradigm.". Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 1 (4): 316–24. doi:10.3317/jraas.2000.060. PMID 11967817.
Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M, et al. (1993). "Hereditary hypertension caused by chimaeric gene duplications and ectopic expression of aldosterone synthase.". Nat. Genet. 2 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1038/ng0992-66. PMID 1303253.
Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Naiki Y, et al. (1992). "Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: the involvement of point mutations of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) in CMO II deficient patients.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (2): 974–9. PMID 1346492.
Pascoe L, Curnow KM, Slutsker L, et al. (1992). "Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism results from hybrid genes created by unequal crossovers between CYP11B1 and CYP11B2.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 8327–31. PMID 1518866.
Pascoe L, Curnow KM, Slutsker L, et al. (1992). "Mutations in the human CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) gene causing corticosterone methyloxidase II deficiency.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (11): 4996–5000. PMID 1594605.
Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, et al. (1992). "Role of steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 18-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in humans.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (4): 1458–62. PMID 1741400.
Curnow KM, Tusie-Luna MT, Pascoe L, et al. (1992). "The product of the CYP11B2 gene is required for aldosterone biosynthesis in the human adrenal cortex.". Mol. Endocrinol. 5 (10): 1513–22. PMID 1775135.
Kawainoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Ohnishi T, et al. (1991). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human cytochrome P-450aldo as related to primary aldosteronism.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173 (1): 309–16. PMID 2256920.
Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC (1990). "Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta).". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (35): 20961–7. PMID 2592361.
Martsev SP, Chashchin VL, Akhrem AA (1985). "[Reconstruction and study of a multi-enzyme system by 11 beta-hydroxylase steroids]". Biokhimiia 50 (2): 243–57. PMID 3872685.
Shizuta Y, Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, et al. (1995). "Inborn errors of aldosterone biosynthesis in humans.". Steroids 60 (1): 15–21. PMID 7792802.
Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Miyahara K, et al. (1993). "Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: inactivation of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) due to nucleotide deletion in CMO I deficient patients.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190 (3): 864–9. PMID 8439335.
Fardella CE, Rodriguez H, Montero J, et al. (1997). "Genetic variation in P450c11AS in Chilean patients with low renin hypertension.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (12): 4347–51. PMID 8954040.
Nomoto S, Massa G, Mitani F, et al. (1997). "CMO I deficiency caused by a point mutation in exon 8 of the human CYP11B2 gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase (P450C18).". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234 (2): 382–5. PMID 9177280.
Peter M, Fawaz L, Drop SL, et al. (1997). "Hereditary defect in biosynthesis of aldosterone: aldosterone synthase deficiency 1964-1997.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (11): 3525–8. PMID 9360501.
Taymans SE, Pack S, Pak E, et al. (1998). "Human CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) maps to chromosome 8q24.3.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (3): 1033–6. PMID 9506770.

[edit] External links

MeSH Aldosterone+synthase

This oxidoreductase article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)

1.14.11 - 2-oxoglutarate	Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase

1.14.13 - NADH or NADPH	Flavin-containing monooxygenase - Nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3) - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase - Methane monooxygenase - 3A4 -51A1

1.14.14 - reduced flavin or flavoprotein	19A1 - 2D6 - 2E1

1.14.15 - reduced iron-sulfur protein	11B1 - 11B2 - 11A1

1.14.16 - reduced pteridine	Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine hydroxylase - Tryptophan hydroxylase

1.14.17 - reduced ascorbate	Dopamine beta hydroxylase

1.14.18-19 - other	Tyrosinase - Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1

1.14.99 - miscellaneous	Cyclooxygenase - Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) - Squalene monooxygenase - 17A1 - 21A2

v • d • e Cytochrome P450, oxygenases: steroid hydroxylases - steroidogenesis (EC 1.14)

To pregnenolone	Side-chain cleavage

To aldosterone/cortisol	21-hydroxylase - 18-hydroxylase - 11-beta-hydroxylase

To sex hormones	17-alpha-hydroxylase - Aromatase

Other	CYP27A1

v • d • e Cytochromes, oxygenases: cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14)

CYP1	A1, A2, B1

CYP2	A6, A7, A13, B6, C8, C9, C18, C19, D6, E1, F1, J2, R1, S1, U1, W1

CYP3	A4, A5, A7, A43

CYP4	A11, A22, B1, F2, F3, F8, F11, F12, F22, V2, X1, Z1

CYP5-20	CYP5 (A1) - CYP7 (A1, B1) - CYP8 (A1, B1) - CYP11 (A1, B1, B2) - CYP17 (A1) - CYP19 (A1) - CYP20 (A1)

CYP21-51	CYP21 (A2) - CYP24 (A1) - CYP26 (A1, B1, C1) - CYP27 (A1, B1, C1) - CYP39 (A1) - CYP46 (A1) - CYP51 (A1)