1-Octene
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 1-Octene | |
|---|---|
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| IUPAC name | Oct-1-ene |
| Other names | Octene-1, octylene; 1-n-ctene; hexylethylene; oct-1-ene; octene |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [111-66-0] |
| SMILES | C=CCCCCCC |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C8H16 |
| Molar mass | 112.24 g/mol |
| Density | 0.715 g/cm³ |
| Melting point |
-101.7 °C |
| Boiling point |
121 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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1-Octene is a higher olefin, or alkene, with a formula C8H16. 1-Octene is an alpha-olefin, meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing this compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-Octene is one of the industrially important linear alpha olefins.
[edit] Synthesis
Industrially, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene which has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s 1-octene was also manufactured by thermal cracking of waxes, whereas linear internal octenes were also manufactured by chlorination/dehydrochlorination of linear paraffins.
There are five commercial processes which oligomerize ethylene to 1-octene. Four of these processes produce 1-octene as a part of a wide distribution of alpha-olefins. Typically, 1-hexene content of the entire distribution of alpha-olefins ranges from about 25% of the distribution in the Ethyl (Innovene) process to about 8% of distribution in some modes of the Gulf (CP Chemicals) and Idemitsu processes.
The only commercial process to isolate 1-octene from a wide mixture of C8 hydrocarbons is practiced by Sasol Ltd., a South African oil and gas and petrochemical company. Sasol commercially employs Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to make fuels from synthesis gas derived from coal and recovers 1-octene from these fuel streams, where the initial 1-octene concentration in a narrow distillation cut may be 60%, with the remainder being vinylidenes, linear and branched internal olefins, linear and branched paraffins, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds.
Synthesis of 1-octene as a part of multi-product ethylene oligomerization process or a Fischer-Tropsch process is covered in an article on linear alpha olefins.
Although several processes have been proposed in patents or in technical literature, there is not a viable commercial process which produces only 1-octene.
[edit] Applications
The primary, even overwhelming, use of 1-octene is as a comonomer in production of polyethylene. High density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) use approximately 2-4% and 8-10% of comonomers, respectively.
Another significant use of 1-octene is for production of linear aldehyde via OXO Synthesis (hydroformulation) for later production of the short-chain fatty acid nonanoic acid, a carboxylic acid, by oxidation of an intermediate aldehyde or linear alcohols for plasticizer application by hydrogenation of the aldehyde.
[edit] References
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