Sirrush
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sirrush | |
|---|---|
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| Sirrush bas-relief in the Pergamon Museum. | |
| Creature | |
| Name: | Sirrush |
| Classification | |
| Grouping: | Legendary creature |
| Sub grouping: | Dragon |
| Data | |
| Mythology: | Babylonian mythology |
| Region: | Mesopotamia |
| Habitat: | Land |
The sirrush is a creature depicted on the reconstructed Ishtar Gate of the city of Babylon, originally dating to the 6th century B.C. It resembles a scaly dragon with hind legs like an eagle's talons and feline forelegs. It also has a long neck and tail, a horned head, a snakelike tongue and a crest. While not matching any known creature, some argue the sirrush could have been a genuine animal.
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[edit] The name
The name "sirrush" is derived from an Akkadian word loosely translated "splendor serpent." Although it is properly transliterated mûš-ruššû, early researchers mistakenly read it as sîr-ruššû, and this is the rendering most common today.
[edit] Theories about the sirrush
German archeologist Robert Koldewey, who discovered the Ishtar Gate in 1902, seriously considered the notion that the sirrush was a portrayal of a real animal. He argued that its depiction in Babylonian art was consistent over many centuries, while those of mythological creatures changed, sometimes drastically, over the years. He also noted that the sirrush is shown on the Ishtar Gate alongside real animals, the lion and the rimi (aurochs), leading him to speculate the sirrush was a creature the Babylonians were familiar with.
Bel and the Dragon, a deuterocanonical Biblical text, relates a story that Koldewey thought involved a sirrush. In a temple dedicated to Bel (Nebuchadnezzar's god), priests had a "great dragon or serpent, which they of Babylon worshiped." Daniel, the Biblical prophet, was confronted with this creature by the priests, who challenged him to match his invisible God against their living god. Eventually, Daniel poisoned the creature. The creature's distinctly feline front paws seemed incongruous, and gave Koldewey some doubt. However, In 1918 he proposed that the iguanodon, (a dinosaur with birdlike hindfeet) was the closest match to the sirrush (Sjögren, 1980).
Adrienne Mayor argues that ancient civilizations often took great care in excavating, transporting and reassembling fossils, raising the possibility that it represents a Babylonian reconstruction of sauropod remains. The griffin and other mythical creatures may have been based on similar reconstructions by this reasoning. However, science writer and cryptologist Willy Ley wrote that, as of the late 1950's, no fossil beds are known around Mesopotamia. Others have noted a resemblance to monitor lizards, speculating that Babylonians may have seen or captured monitors and based the sirrush upon them.
Ley suggested that the sirrush could be based on an animal that the Babylonians had heard of but that did not live in Mesopotamia. Ley claimed that bricks of a similar type to those of the Ishtar Gate have been found around Africa, suggesting that the Babylonians could have heard of or seen the animal somewhere else in Africa. The cryptozoologist Bernard Heuvelmans contended that the sirrush was similar to a type of dinosaur, the sauropods. Heuvelmans then suggested that the sirrush of the Ishtar gate and the persistent rumours of sauropod-like surviving dinosaurs in Central Africa, for example Mokele Mbembe are related, and that the sirrush is based on actual unknown reptiles living in Central Africa at that time and that may still be alive.
Another possibility is the Elasmotherium, or "Giant Unicorn" rhinoceros, another beast fitting the approximate description.[citation needed]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Jerome Clark (1993). Unexplained! 347 Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences, and Puzzling Physical Phenomena. Detroit: Visible Ink Press.
- Bernard Heuvelmans (1958). On The Track Of Unknown Animals. New York: Hill and Wang.
- Willy Ley (1959). Exotic Zoology. New York: Viking Press.
- Karl Shuker (1995). In Search of Prehistoric Survivors. London: Blandford. ISBN 0-7137-2469-2
- Bengt Sjögren (1980). Berömda vidunder, Settern ISBN 91-7586-023-6 (Swedish)
[edit] External links
- Mushrushu (or Sirrush) artwork from Ishtar Gate & lore
- The Ishtar Gate
- The Cryptid Zoo: Sirrush in Cryptozoology
