Archie Van Winkle
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| Archie Van Winkle | |
|---|---|
| March 17, 1925 – May 22, 1986 (aged 61) | |
  Archie Van Winkle, Medal of Honor recipient |
|
| Place of birth | Juneau, Alaska |
| Place of death | Ketchikan, Alaska |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1942-1945, 1948-1974 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | 1st Battalion, 7th Marines |
| Commands held | 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines |
| Battles/wars | World War II Korean War Vietnam War |
| Awards | Medal of Honor Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star (2) Air Medal Purple Heart (3) |
Colonel Archie Van Winkle (March 17, 1925 - May 22, 1986) was a United States Marine who was awarded Medal of Honor for his heroic actions as a United States Marine Corps Staff Sergeant during the Korean War.
During the night of 2 November 1950, near Sudong, Korea, SSgt Van Winkle, an infantry platoon sergeant, led a charge through withering enemy fire. A bullet shattered his arm and an enemy hand grenade exploded against his chest. Even then, he refused to be evacuated and continued to shout orders and encouragement to his men while lying on the ground, weak from loss of blood. His heroic leadership enabled the outnumbered platoon to repulse an enemy attack.
President Harry S. Truman presented Van Winkle the United States' highest military decoration during ceremonies at the White House on 6 February 1952.[1] The following day he was sworn in as second lieutenant by General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., Commandant of the Marine Corps, having qualified under the “meritorious noncommissioned officer” program.
A combat veteran of World War II, he was called to active duty with the Marine Corps Reserve after the outbreak of hostilities in Korea and was released to inactive duty on 16 July 1951. Van Winkle again returned to active duty and served in combat during the Vietnam War.
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[edit] Biography
Born 17 March 1925 in Juneau, Alaska, Archie Van Winkle attended public school in Darrington, Washington. An ardent athlete, he captained both the boxing and football teams at Darrington High School, where he also played baseball and basketball. He entered the University of Washington in Seattle to study physical education, but left after a few months to enlist in the Marine Corps Reserve on 14 December 1942.
- World War II
- During almost three years of active duty, he served as an aviation radioman-gunner and mechanic, participating in the Solomons, Philippines and Emirau operations. On 22 October 1945, he received his honorable discharge.
He continued his studies in physical education for two years at Everett Junior College and for another year at the University of Washington. In March 1948, he rejoined the Reserve and became a member of Company A, 11th Infantry Battalion, in Seattle.
- Korean War
- The battalion was mobilized and ordered to Camp Pendleton, California, on 7 August 1950. Late that month he arrived in Korea and participated in the Inchon landing. On 2 November 1950, he was wounded in combat near Sudong, Korea, during the action which earned him the Medal of Honor.
- Evacuated to Japan and later to the United States, he subsequently served for several months with the Marine guards at the Naval Base, Bremerton, Washington. He was released from active duty on 16 July 1951 and was attached to the 10th Infantry Battalion, USMCR, in Seattle. Later recalled to active duty, he attended Basic School at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, from November 1952 to May 1953.
First Lieutenant Van Winkle completed Air Observation School at Quantico that November and was assigned as an Air Observer with the 3rd Marine Division then at Camp Pendleton. He was later Assistant G-3 of Force Troops, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, then served as a company executive officer and company commander, respectively, with the 3rd Battalion, 9th Marine 3rd Marine Division. He was promoted to captain on 31 December 1954 and in 1955, he was assigned as Regimental Liaison Officer, 9th Marines.
From November 1955 until April 1958, he served as Assistant Officer in Charge of the Marine Corps Recruiting Station, Indianapolis, Indiana. In May 1958, he was named Commanding Officer of the Marine Detachment aboard the USS Newport News. Following two years in this assignment, he was assigned to the college degree program at the University of Washington, Seattle, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in History in June 1961.
Transferred to Hawaii that month, Capt Van Winkle was assigned as a company commander with the 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion, 4th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade. In April 1962, he became Director of the 1st Marine Brigade Schools and was credited with the establishment of a Brigade Guerrilla Warfare School. Earlier, as part of a special observer group sent to Vietnam in late February 1962, he was commended by Gen Paul D. Harkins, U.S. Army, head of the United States Military Assistance Command in Vietnam, and Admirals H.D. Felt and J.H. Sides, CINCPAC, and CINCPAC Fleet commanders, respectively. He was promoted to major in August 1962.
In June 1964, Maj Van Winkle reported to the Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Upon graduation in June 1965, he was assigned duty as Manpower Analyst and, later, Head, Operating Forces Section, Manpower Control Branch, G-1 Division, at Headquarters Marine Corps. While serving in his capacity, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, 1 July 1967.
- Vietnam War
- Lieutenant Colonel Van Winkle’s next duty assignment was in the Republic of Vietnam. He served consecutively as Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines; G-3 Operations Officer, 1st Marine Division; and as Assistant G-3, Task Force X-Ray, Sub Unit #1, 1st Marine Division, from August 1967 to September 1968, and earned the Bronze Star with Combat “V.” A Gold Star in lieu of a second Bronze Star Medal with Combat “V” was awarded him for heroic achievement on 6 July 1968 on Hill 689 near Khe Sanh Combat Base. He also received the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Gold Star.
He was CO of 1st Battalion, 1st Marines from about May or June 1968 to September 1968.
After his return to the United States, he was again assigned to the G-1 Division at Headquarters Marine Corps, this time as Head, Standards and Utilization Section, Manpower Control Branch. He retired from service in February 1974.
Colonel Van Winkle died on 22 May 1986 in Ketchikan, Alaska. His remains were cremated and scattered at sea. A memorial headstone was placed in Sitka National Cemetery in Alaska.[2]
[edit] Awards
A complete list of his medals and decorations include:
Bronze Star (with Combat “V” and Gold Star in lieu of a second award)
Navy Unit Commendation (with one bronze star)
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (with three bronze stars)
National Defense Service Medal (with one bronze star)
Korean Service Medal (with two bronze stars)
Vietnam Gallantry Cross (with Gold Star)
Vietnam Service Medal (with three bronze stars)
Korean Presidential Unit Citation (second award)
[edit] Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to
STAFF SERGEANT ARCHIE VAN WINKLE
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE
for service as set forth in the following CITATION:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a Platoon Sergeant in Company B, First Battalion, Seventh Marines, First Marine Division (Reinforced), in action against enemy aggressor forces in the vicinity of Sudong, Korea, on 2 November 1950. Immediately rallying the men in his area after a fanatical and numerically superior enemy force penetrated the center of the line under cover of darkness and pinned down the platoon with a devastating barrage of deadly, automatic weapons and grenade fire, Staff Sergeant Van Winkle boldly spearheaded a determined attack through withering fire against hostile frontal positions and, though he and all the others who charged with him were wounded, succeeded in enabling his platoon to gain the fire superiority and the opportunity to reorganize. Realizing that the left-flank squad was isolated from the rest of the unit, he rushed through forty yards of fierce enemy fire to reunite his troops despite an elbow wound which rendered one of his arms totally useless. Severely wounded a second time when a direct hit in the chest from a hostile hand grenade caused serious and painful wounds, he staunchly refused evacuation and continued to shout orders and words of encouragement to his depleted and battered platoon. Finally carried from his position unconscious from shock and loss of blood, Staff Sergeant Van Winkle served to inspire all who observed him to heroic efforts in successfully repulsing the enemy attack. His superb leadership, valiant fighting spirit and unfaltering devotion to duty in the face of heavy odds reflect the highest credit upon himself and the United States Naval Service.
/S/ HARRY S. TRUMAN
[edit] Honors and memorials
On 1 October 1997, a granite monument in Juneau, Alaska was dedicated memorializing Archie Van Winkle, Alaska's only Medal of Honor recipient.[3]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Daily Presidential Appointments — February 6, 1952, President Harry S. Truman's appointments, from the Truman Library. Entry shows presentation of the Medal of Honor to Archie Van Winkle, and includes the guest list. (URL accessed on June 6, 2006)
- ^ Notable Persons — Medal of Honor recipient, Sitka National Cemetery. (URL accessed June 6, 2006).
- ^ Memorial to Archie Van Winkle — Medal of Honor Marine. (URL accessed June 6, 2006)
[edit] See also
- List of Medal of Honor recipients
- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Korean War
- List of Korean War veterans who are recipients of the Bronze Star
[edit] References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the United States Marine Corps.
- Colonel Archie Van Winkle, USMCR. Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps.
- SSgt Archie Van Winkle, Medal of Honor, 1950, 1/7/1, Korea (Medal of Honor citation). Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 2007-03-05.
[edit] External links
- Archie Van Winkle, New York Times, May 30, 1986. (Notice of his death, URL accessed June 6, 2006)
- 1st Battalion 7th Marines history (URL accessed June 6, 2006)
