Antiplatelet drug

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An antiplatelet drug is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect.

They are widely used in primary and secondary prevention of thrombotic cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease.

[edit] Choice of antiplatelet drug

A recent review [1] states: "....low-dose aspirin increases the risk of major bleeding 2-fold compared with placebo. However, the annual incidence of major bleeding due to low-dose aspirin is modest—only 1.3 patients per thousand higher than what is observed with placebo treatment. Treatment of approximately 800 patients with low-dose aspirin annually for cardiovascular prophylaxis will result in only 1 additional major bleeding episode."

[edit] Antiplatelet drugs

The most important antiplatelet drugs are:

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
- Aspirin
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
- Cilostazol (Pletal)
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors (intravenous use only)
- Abciximab (ReoPro)
- Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
- Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
- Defibrotide
Adenosine reuptake inhibitors
- Dipyridamole (Persantine)

[edit] See also

v • d • e Antithrombotics (thrombolytics, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs) (B01)

Vitamin K antagonists	Acenocoumarol • Clorindione • Coumatetralyl • Dicumarol (Dicoumarol) • Diphenadione • Ethyl biscoumacetate • Phenprocoumon • Phenindione • Tioclomarol • Warfarin

Heparin group	Antithrombin III • Danaparoid • Heparin • Sulodexide • low molecular weight heparin (Bemiparin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Nadroparin, Parnaparin, Reviparin, Tinzaparin)

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors	Abciximab • Eptifibatide • Tirofiban

Other platelet aggregation inhibitors	Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin • Aloxiprin • Ditazole • Carbasalate calcium • Cloricromen • Dipyridamole • Indobufen • Picotamide • Triflusal • ADP receptor inhibitors (Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine, Prasugrel) • prostaglandin analogue (Beraprost, Prostacyclin, Iloprost, Treprostinil)

Enzymes	plasminogen activators (Alteplase/Reteplase/Tenecteplase, Streptokinase, Urokinase/Saruplase, Anistreplase) • other serine endopeptidases (Ancrod, Drotrecogin alfa/Protein C, Fibrinolysin) • Brinase

Direct thrombin inhibitors	Argatroban • Bivalirudin • Dabigatran • Desirudin • Hirudin • Lepirudin • Melagatran • Ximelagatran

Other antithrombotics	Apixaban • Defibrotide • Dermatan sulfate • Fondaparinux • Idraparinux • Otamixaban • Rivaroxaban

Non-medicinal	Citrate • EDTA • Oxalate

v • d • e Major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract (A)	Antacids • Antiemetics • H₂ antagonists • Proton pump inhibitors • Laxatives • Antidiarrhoeals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Anticoagulants • Antihemorrhagics • Antiplatelets • Thrombolytics

Cardiovascular system (C)	Antiarrhythmics • Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Vasodilators • Antianginals • Beta blockers • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors • Antihyperlipidemics

Skin (D)	Emollients - Antipruritics

Reproductive system (G)	Hormonal contraception • Fertility agents • Selective estrogen receptor modulators • Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Anti-diabetics • Corticosteroids • Sex hormones • Thyroid hormones

Infections and infestations (J, P)	Antibiotics • Antivirals • Vaccines • Antifungals • Antiparasitic (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics)

Malignant and immune disease (L)	Anticancer agents • Immunostimulators • Immunosuppressants

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids • Anti-inflammatories • Antirheumatics • Corticosteroids • Muscle relaxants

Brain and nervous system (N)	Anesthetics • Analgesics • Anticonvulsants • Mood stabilizers • Anxiolytics • Antipsychotics • Antidepressants • Nervous system stimulants • Sedatives

Respiratory system (R)	Bronchodilators • Decongestants • H₁ antagonists

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