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American Gladiators - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American Gladiators

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: American Gladiators (2008 TV series)
American Gladiators

The first American Gladiators logo, from 1989-1993.
Genre Sports/Game Show
Created by Dan Carr
John Ferraro
Directed by Bob Levy
Starring Mike Adamle
(1989 - 1996)
Joe Theismann
(1989)
Todd Christensen
(1990)
Larry Csonka
(1990 - 1993)
Lisa Malosky
(1993 - 1995)
Danny Lee Clark
(1995 - 1996)
Country of origin Flag of the United States United States
Language(s) English
No. of seasons 7
No. of episodes 139 [1]
Production
Producer(s) Trans World International
(1989 - 1992)
Four Point Entertainment
(1989 - 1996)
Samuel Goldwyn Television
(1989 - 1996)
Location(s) Universal Studios Hollywood
(1989 - 1991)
CBS Studios
(1991 - 1996)
Camera setup Multicamera setup
Running time 60mins (inc. comms)
Broadcast
Original channel first-run syndication
Picture format 480i (SDTV)
Audio format Stereo
Original run September 16, 1989May 11, 1996
Chronology
Followed by American Gladiators (2008-present)
Related shows Battle Dome
External links
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

American Gladiators (1989-1996) was an American competition television program that matched a cast of amateur athletes against each other, as well as against the show's own "gladiators", in contests of strength and agility.

The first competition sponsored by Dan Carr and John C. Ferraro was held at Erie Tech High School in Erie, PA and sold to Samuel Goldwyn Productions/MGM where the format was expanded into "American Gladiators."[1]

The show was taped at Universal Studios Hollywood until 1991, then moved to Gladiator Arena for the rest of its initial run. The National Indoor Arena, home to the UK version, hosted the International Gladiators competitions.

The series, a co-production of Trans World International and Four Point Entertainment, was distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Television.

An effort to launch a live American Gladiators show on the Las Vegas Strip became mired in a securities fraud prosecution.[2] However, the series was restarted in 2008.

This version of the show currently airs in the USA on ESPN Classic, and several episodes have been made available for download on Apple's iTunes Service.


Contents

[edit] Format

American Gladiators ran from 1989-1996, and was conducted in a tournament style format. Up until season six, two tournaments were conducted each season.

In the first two seasons, 20 contenders (ten of each gender) in each half-season tournament were chosen from a nationwide contestant pool based on tests of strength and agility, with several alternates chosen in case a contender could not continue due to injury. Two contenders of each gender competed on each episode. Five preliminary round matchups were played with the winners automatically advancing to the quarterfinal round, along with the three highest scoring losers. Any alternates from that point on came from the previous round's losers.

The tournament then became single elimination, with the last two contenders standing meeting in the half-season final. The winners of each half received a cash prize and advanced to the Grand Championship at the end of the season, with more money and a new car available for the winner. The runners-up in the Grand Championship received a smaller cash prize.

In season three, 24 contenders in each half competed, and there was only one wild card spot, open to the highest scoring quarterfinal loser. Season four followed a similar format. Season five did away with the wild card altogether, with 16 contenders in each half competing, and the winners seeded 1-8 depending on their performance in the preliminaries.

In seasons six and seven, the tournament was spread out over the season, with no halves. The events were referred to as "rounds" due to more than one game being played per round. Three games per show are played by both males and females and 3 are split between the males and females, two in one round. In split rounds, the men went first, then the women. Including the Eliminator, 10 events appeared in each episode, and the lineup of single and split rounds changed during the season. The sole exception to this format was in the semi-finals & Grand Championship; each round was a single event.

Also, there were no quarterfinal rounds; the top 4 highest scoring contenders would advance to the semi-finals.

[edit] Events

In each episode, the contenders competed in a series of events, the number of which varied from six to eight depending on the season. Most of the events tested the contenders' physical abilities against the superior size and strength of the Gladiators, who were mostly pro or amateur bodybuilders and former football players. In most events, the contenders were not directly pitted against each other, but against the Gladiators. In each event, the contenders earned points based on their performance.

Originally, the points in each event were given on a 5 and 10 point scale, with 100 points usually the maximum in every event (except for Powerball). After the first half of the first season, they were given on a one-point scale.

Starting with the fourth season, the final event before The Eliminator, was labeled "Crunch Time", and was played for more points.

Many events were added and removed from the program's roster, with only six of the original events surviving the program's initial run on American television.

List of events:

  • Assault
  • Powerball
  • Super Powerball - A special version of Powerball where scoring receptacles are reduced from five to three and gladiators likewise reduced from three to two.
  • Breakthrough and Conquer
  • Joust
  • Human Cannonball
  • The Wall
  • Atlasphere
  • Hang Tough
  • Swingshot
  • The Maze
  • Sky Track
  • Gauntlet
  • Pyramid
  • Tug-O-War
  • Whiplash
  • Snapback
  • The Eliminator
*Assault, the Joust, Breakthrough and Conquer, Powerball, The Wall, and The Eliminator were the only events to be played on all seven seasons of the original show. However, The Wall didn't make its first appearance until the second half of the first season.

[edit] Visual makeovers

[edit] Season 1 (1989-1990)

During the first half of the first season, the show's set resembled that of an ancient Roman gladiatorial arena, hence the show's name (only with the walls being dark gray), with the stands raised high above the ground. For the second half, the show's set was changed into the more familiar sports-style arena. The hooded figures that officiated the games were replaced by veteran NFL referee Bob McElwee, who wore a red tracksuit with the show logo, and would often speak on camera to announce infractions during the game.

[edit] Season 2 (1990-1991)

Starting in Season 2, until the final season, Season 7, the new referee, former Pacific 10 football referee Larry Thompson, wore the traditional zebra-striped shirt, and would also announce infractions. During season four, other assistant officials in zebra-striped shirts, referred by Mike Adamle as game judges, were added. Often, the game judges were used at the start of the Eliminator and past the zip line, but officials would assist Thompson during the match.

[edit] Season 3 (1991-1992)

After being based at Universal Studios Hollywood for the first two seasons, American Gladiators moved production to the CBS Studio Center, with their studio being referred to as "Gladiator Arena". Other than the studio change and a few minor cosmetic changes, nothing much else differed from the second to third seasons.

[edit] Season 4 (1992-1993)

Season 4 marked the only season in which there was no introduction of the gladiators anywhere in the introduction (the show introduced the Gladiators in some way in every other version of the show opening). The show also removed the fake grass design from its field events (Powerball, Breakthrough and Conquer) and replaced it with white and gray carpeting.

[edit] Seasons 5 and 6 (1993-1995)

In season 5, the show received a massive makeover, including a change in logo (a more angular and three-dimensional look, along with a changed font), a change in color scheme (from red, white, and blue to silver and scarlet), the use of two video screens (added in season 6, and sponsored by Slim Jim, referred to as the "SlimJim Superscreen"), and music played during the introduction of each event from this season to the end of the series run (which also was used during the International versions, only in the International versions, music was played while the event was actually played, as the show was directly from the British version), the music being played being from the American Gladiators: The Music soundtrack (only with no gladiator or announcer voices). Both the 18 track soundtrack and the 21 track soundtrack music was used.

However, the most notable change was the change of the opening theme, which was a rock remix of the original theme, composed by Bill Conti.

The second theme was featured on the American Gladiators: The Music soundtrack. The event music, and the remix of the original theme were composed and performed by Dan Miter and the Steele Penny Band.

[edit] Season 7 (1995-1996)

During the final season, three more things changed. The logo changed completely from its gem shaped logo to the metallic "AG" logo, with the A on top of the G to form a diamond shape (this is also when the announcers used the acronym "AG" to identify the show on a regular basis, as the previous two seasons only found it being used sparingly), and the opening featured each gladiator in a pose to show off their physiques, only with little clothing on. The logo for Season 7 was based on the British "Gladiators" "G" logo. Finally, the set was changed in where one of the audience stands was completely taken out, replaced by a huge "AG" logo in the center of that side that also housed the steps into the arena, giving the appearance of a bigger arena. This also forced contenders and gladiators to change strategies for a few games, such as Assault (which had its starting position changed from this to give a shorter run to the first safe zone) and the Eliminator (which because of the change gave more room in between the steps and the Versaclimber).

[edit] List of Gladiators

The following is a list of Gladiators who competed on the original TV series. For a list of some of the Gladiators who competed at the live shows in Orlando, Florida, see the AG Gladiators Zone page.

[edit] Original six Gladiators

  • Malibu (Deron McBee): competed in 1989 only
  • Lace (Marisa Pare): competed from 1989-1992
  • Gemini (Michael Horton): competed from 1989-1992
  • Zap (Raye Hollitt): competed from 1989-1990, returned from 1991 to 1995 :]
  • Nitro (Dan Clark): competed from 1989-1992, returned from 1994-95, color commentator during show's final season in its first run.
  • Sunny (Cheryl Barldinger): competed in 1989 only, injured in semifinal round and never returned

[edit] Debuted during season one

  • Blaze (Sha-ri Pendleton): competed from 1990-1992
  • Bronco (Robert Bruce Campbell): competed in one episode in 1989 as an injury replacement for Malibu, was never seen again
  • Gold (Tonya Knight): competed from 1990-1992
  • Laser (Jim Starr): competed from 1990-1996, only Gladiator to appear on all seven seasons of the show
  • Jade: competed in final episode of first half of season one as injury replacement for Sunny, never seen afterwards
  • Titan #1 (David Nelson): competed in 1990 only

[edit] Debuted during season two

  • Diamond (Erika Andersch): competed from 1990-1993
  • Ice (Lori Fetrick): competed from 1990-1992 and again from 1993-1996 :D
  • Thunder (Billy Smith): competed from 1990-1992
  • Turbo (Galen Tomlinson): competed from 1990-1996

[edit] Debuted during season three

  • Storm (Debbie Clark): debuted in 1991 as an injury replacement for Gold, competed until 1993
  • Tower (Steve Henneberry): debuted in 1991 as an injury replacement for Turbo, competed until 1994
  • Viper (Chuck Berlinger): debuted at 1992 Grand Championship, competed until end of 1992-1993 season

[edit] Debuted during season four

  • Atlas (Philip Poteat): competed in 1992-93 season only
  • Cyclone (Barry Turner): competed in preliminary rounds of 1992-93 season, injured arm and didn't return
  • Elektra (Salina Bartunek): competed from 1992-1994, sparingly after breaking her nose in 1993 Grand Championship. She is a good gymnast of the Glads team.
  • Lace #2 (Natalie Lennox): competed in 1992-1993 season only
  • Havoc: competed sporadically in 1992-93 and 1993-94 seasons
  • Sabre (Lynn "Red" Williams): competed from 1992-1996
  • Siren #1 (Shelley Beattie): competed from 1992-1996, was the only deaf Gladiator (died 2008)
  • Sky (Shirley Eson): competed from 1992-1996

[edit] Debuted during season five

  • Dallas (Shannon Hall): competed from second half of this season until 1995, returned with Zap to compete in alumni show in the final season
  • Hawk (Lee Reherman): competed from 1993-1996
  • Jazz (Victoria Gay): competed from 1993-1996
  • Rebel (Mark Tucker): competed in 1993-94 season only
  • Tank (Ed Radcliffe): debuted as an injury replacement in season five, also appeared in three episodes in season six

[edit] Debuted during season six

  • Thor (Michael O'Hearn): never competed on TV, better known as Michael O'Dell on Battle Dome. Now known as Titan, O'Hearn appeared again as a Gladiator for the 2008 revival, the only Gladiator to be on both the original live touring shows and revival.

[edit] Debuted in Orlando Live Shows

  • Cobra (Steve Luxton)
  • Dallas (Shannon Hall-Trujillo)
  • Diamond (Erika Andersch)
  • Flame (Nekole Hamrick)
  • Ice (Lori Fetrick)
  • Jade (Kimberley Rogers)
  • Jazz (Rhonda Lundstedt)
  • Quake (Sean Maloney)
  • Raven (Sherylyn Godreau)
  • Siren (Shelley Beattie)
  • Sky (Shirley Eson-Korito)
  • Tigra (Kristen Phelps)
  • Titan (Tim Washington)
  • Turbo (Galen Tomlinson)
  • Viper (Roger Stewart)

[edit] Grand Champions

Season Men's Champion Women's Champion
1 Brian Hutson Bridget Venturi [2]
2 Craig Branham Dorann Cumberbatch
3 Mark Ortega* Kathy Mollica
4 Clifton Miller Cheryl Wilson ^
5 Wesley "Two Scoops" Berry Peggy Odita
6 Kyler Storm Adrienne Sullivan
7 Pat Csizmazia Tiziana Sorge

* NOTE: Season Three's Men's Grand Championship was decided by a video review after eventual champion Mark Ortega and Joe Mauro finished the Eliminator in an apparent dead heat. Ortega was declared the winner because he was ruled to have crossed the finish line at 48.86 seconds versus Mauro's 48.88 seconds.

Note ^: Tragically, season 4 champion Cheryl Wilson-Minelli was brutally murdered in 1997 by her husband, after what he thought was an affair. [3]

[edit] Hosts and other personalities

[edit] Hosts

[edit] Referees

  • The Executioner (1989)
  • Bob McElwee (1990), NFL Referee
  • Larry Thompson (1990-1996), Former Pacific-10 Football Referee

[edit] Game Judges

  • Bob Wucetich (1992-96)
  • Jeff Nathanson (1992-93)
  • Fred Gallagher (1993-96)
  • Jim Marcione (1993-96)

[edit] Announcers

[edit] Special Shows

Like some other game shows, American Gladiators had their own themed shows. Some shows featured celebrities competing against each other (like castmembers from Baywatch and Superman portrayer Dean Cain, as well as host Mike Adamle & character actors such as a pre-Scrubs John C. McGinley), but other theme shows were present.

[edit] Alumni Shows

There were three alumni shows conducted during the course of AG. The first occurred in the second season, and featured competitors from the show's first season. Contenders Lucian Anderson and Cheryl Ann Silich emerged victorious, beating out Terry Moore and Aimee Ross, respectively.

Season six saw a second alumni show, with the six Grand Champions since the show moved into Gladiator Arena competing against each other. Wesley "Two Scoops" Berry and Peggy Odita, the season five Grand Champions, won.

Season seven's alumni show, dubbed as the "Battle of the Best", pitted season five grand champions Wesley "Two Scoops" Berry and Peggy Odita against season six grand champions Kyler Storm and Adrienne Sullivan, respectively, with the season five champions prevailing yet again. This show in particular saw two particular incidents that continue to be key topics of discussion among fans of the show, both involving Kyler Storm and Turbo. The first incident occurred during Breakthrough & Conquer, in which Kyler did a front flip over Turbo in the Breakthrough portion to score. The other, more ugly incident was later on in Swingshot. Kyler "faked" twice during the event (which is against the rules in Swingshot) to get a total of 12 points from those two swings. It prompted Turbo to punch Kyler in the face when they met during a later swing. Although the two made up, Larry Thompson ruled against both Kyler and Turbo. Kyler had the 12 points deducted from the faking, but regained 6 because of Turbo being disqualified for the punch.

In an unrelated show, former Gladiators Zap and Dallas, who left the show the previous year, faced off against each other, with Dallas beating Zap.

[edit] Pro Football Challenge of Champions

In seasons three and four, AG conducted a show where current and former NFL players competed against each other in an elimination-style format. Six players competed, with the competition whittled down to four after the first two events, and then two for the Eliminator. Charles White won both competitions, both times erasing a deficit in the Eliminator.

The NFL players would compete head-to-head with the male Gladiators, however, they only faced the female Gladiators in non-contact events. The women faced the NFL players in events such as "Assault" as well as the penalty pit and the gauntlet during "The Eliminator."

[edit] Gold Medal Challenge of Champions

In Seasons 5 & 6, these shows consisted of former Olympic Gold Medalists competing. For the 1993 show, the males featured were 1984 Gold Downhill Skiing medalist Bill Johnson, 1988 Bronze Basketball medalist Danny Manning, and 1984 Gold Boxing medalist Tyrell Biggs. The females featured were 1976 Silver Basketball medalist Nancy Lieberman, 1984 Silver & Gold and 1988 Gold Track & Field medalist Alice Brown, and 1992 Gold & Silver Speed Skating medalist Cathy Turner. Cathy Turner and Bill Johnson won the competition and $10,000.

[edit] International Challenge

A precursor to International Gladiators, this tournament aired in seasons four and five and featured contestants from all over the world. Among the contenders was in season four was eventual season five champion Peggy Odita, who was representing Nigeria and who won the women's competition.

[edit] International Gladiators

More information: International Gladiators

A special championship series consisting of previous champions from various versions of the show from around the world. The initial series included contenders and gladiators from the USA, UK, Finland, and Russia. The second series added contenders and gladiators from South Africa, Germany and Australia. Both series were filmed on the set of the British version of the show, and used British games and rules.

[edit] Armed Forces Challenge of Champions

In seasons five and six, contenders from each of the four of the five branches of the U.S. military (Coast Guard was not represented) (men and women in season five, men only in season six) faced off against each other, with the two highest scoring branches facing off in the Eliminator. The Marines won both competitions. Captain Myles Bly Mire, an AG alumnus, was later involved with the capture of Saddam Hussein's nephew.

[edit] NYPD vs. LAPD

Conducted in season six, featuring officers from both police departments in competition. One of the female officers, the LAPD's Angela Shepard, was a season three contender who did not advance past the preliminaries (due to an injury she suffered during the Eliminator).

[edit] USC vs. Notre Dame

In season six, this contest pitted two USC alumni - one of which included two-time AG contestant Charles White - against two Notre Dame alumni. USC prevailed in this competition.

[edit] Segments

  • Gladiator Moments (Season 3): Gladiators reflect and talk about their favorite moments of the first two seasons of American Gladiators.
  • Ask a Gladiator (Seasons 3 and 4): Fans write to their favorite American Gladiator asking them questions.
  • Csonka's Zonks (Season 4): Brief array of clips featuring the funniest moments of the show which includes mostly of hits, tackles, and tumbles of the contenders and Gladiators.
  • 30 Seconds With: (Season 5): Gladiators are asked a number of fill-in-the-blank questions.

[edit] Other ventures

The American Gladiators had a dinner show in Orlando Florida. This dinner show showed many of the "main" gladiators. Ice, Sky, Hawk, Gemini, and others. The events included The Wall, Breakthrough and Conquer, Assault, Whiplash, the Eliminator and others.

[edit] Popular culture

  • In the Venture Brothers episode "I Know Why the Caged Bird Kills", Dr. Venture and Brock tell Hank and Dean that the woman claiming to be the boys mother is really Myra Brandish, formerly "Powerkat" on American Gladiators, but was put into an insane asylum once the show ended. There she became obsessed with Dr. Venture.
  • The show was featured in the fourth season premiere of Family Matters, which aired September 18, 1992. The episode, titled "Surely You Joust", saw Carl and Urkel compete to settle a score. (The story line was that Sabre was Waldo's cousin, and he set the whole thing up). The Joust, Wall, and Eliminator were featured (the only difference being the Eliminator course was missing the wall prior to the gauntlet, for reasons never explained). The stipulation was that if Urkel lost, he would never be allowed back in the Winslow family house. If Carl lost, he would have to apologize to Urkel for the incident which led to them being there in the first place (which involved both of them being electrocuted and falling off the roof in a household mishap). They finished the Eliminator in a dead heat to finish with overall tie scores, but resolved their differences at the finish line in order to avoid doing the whole course again to break the tie. In addition to Sabre, Turbo, Siren, and Elektra all appeared in the episode, as well as Mike Adamle and Larry Csonka.
  • On The Simpsons, Luann Van Houten dates a fictional American Gladiator who goes by the name Pyro. Pyro is seen using the Atlasphere as his personal means of transportation. They later break up when Pyro discovers Luann is cheating on him with his best friend and co-worker Gyro.
  • Nitro and Ice appeared on the sitcom Ellen. Adam wants to audition for American Gladiators, but Ellen makes it through and goes on a date with Nitro.
  • Season 2 men's runner-up, first half champion Rico Constantino, went on to become well-known as a professional wrestler in WWE, under the name of "Rico." Tony Halme, known in the then WWF as Ludvig Borga, was a Gladiator on the Finnish version. And in 2008, Mike Adamle joined WWE as a play-by-play man for ECW.
  • Season Three's Second Half runner up, Darryl Gholar, also competed on Battle Dome, falling in the first season final.
  • A short segment of the feature film Hot Shots! Part Deux parodies/pays homage to the show; Siren and Zap were the Gladiators with cameos in this segment.
  • In the movie Tommy Boy Chris Farley's character appears on the TV screen in a restaurant. The waitress asks the customers if they want to watch him or American Gladiators and they choose Gladiators.
  • Three Gladiators have appeared as game show contestants (outside of theme weeks on certain shows). Michael "Gemini" Horton was a contestant on Press Your Luck in the 1980s; Dan "Nitro" Clark appeared with his family on Family Feud as normal contestants while Gladiators was in production; and Lynn "Red" Williams, who portrayed Sabre, appeared on Street Smarts in the 2000s, competing under his Gladiator name.
  • On an episode of Beavis and Butt-head, the two main characters are talking to Daria about their mud wrestling stunt. Butt-head replies, "We're going to be cool like the American Gladiators."
  • In an episode of Boston Common, Tasha King (Tasha Smith) punches out a man after he started beating up on Boyd Pritchett (Anthony Clark). Bobby (Zach Galifianakis) is standing nearby, commenting, "Dude, I think that's Blaze from American Gladiators".
  • In the Seinfeld episode, "The Little Jerry", when Jerry (himself) tells Kramer (Michael Richards) what cockfighting really is, Kramer responds, "I thought they wore boxing gloves and helmets - you know, like American Gladiators."
  • Gladiators "Tower" and "Ice" were interviewed on an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast, which (storyline) was a pre-1st episode test starring Birdman and "Birdman Coast to Coast". Tower even jokes that if the host (referring to Space Ghost, who wares a white outfit) was a Gladiator, that he would be named "Cream Puff".
  • There was an American Gladiators video game released for the NES as well as the Super NES and Genesis.
  • Nitro and Ice made cameos on Who's the Boss? during an episode in the seventh season.
  • In summer 2007, Dan "Nitro" Clark was a contestant on the CMT show "Ty Murray's Celebrity Bull Riding Challenge."
  • On the 80's sitcom Just the Ten of Us the character of Wendy Lubbock made references to American Gladiators and it was suggested dreamt of the Gladiator Malibu.
  • Former Gladiator Lee "Hawk" Reherman spent two seasons as color commentator on TNN's WSL RollerJam from 1999 to 2001, then in 2004 was the co-host of G4's Arena.
  • Bill Hicks has gone on record with the following famous quote about the show: “Go back to bed, America, your government has figured out how it all transpired. Go back to bed America, your government is in control. Here, here's American Gladiators. Watch this, shut up, go back to bed America, here is American Gladiators, here is 56 channels of it! Watch these pituitary retards bang their fucking skulls together and congratulate you on the living in the land of freedom. Here you go America - you are free to do what well tell you! You are free to do what we tell you!”
  • Sketch comedy series The Edge featured a spot where several of their actors dressed up as American Gladiators who had gone out to war as a marketing/PR campaign for the war. While they looked intimidating, they were easily shot down because of the fact that they did not have any guns, just their normal gladiator tools. Afterwards the corporate marketing leader embarrassingly explains "It looked good on paper..."
  • A reference was made to the show in the 1997 film Good Burger. In one scene, Ed is climbing the roof of Mondo Burger by jumping on oversized models of fast food. When he explains to Dexter how to get up ("Jump on the burger, jump on the fries...") he replies "What is this, American Gladiators?"
  • On the TV series "Saved by The Bell" on an episode where the gang is put through a pseudo-bootcamp, one event sees them face off against "Beldo" (Mr. Belding dressed as an American Gladiator) in an event similar to joust. "Beldo" loses to both Kelly and Zack. On another episode called "Rockumentary" Lisa becomes an American Gladiator after the band breaks up briefly.
  • On an episode of the animated series "Tales From The Crypt Keeper" 4 guys compete on a show called "Gruesome Gladiators"[citation needed]
  • During a round of "Props" on "Whose Line is it Anyway" Colin Mochrie and Ryan Stiles pretend to have a joust-like duel with two props similar looking to pugil sticks. During the act Stiles says "You call yourself an American Gladiator?!"[citation needed]

[edit] International versions

[edit] Animated Series

According to a press release from MGM, and in addition to the MGM website dedicated to the original version of the series (also links to the revival) and a multi-city live tour (similar to the early 1990s tour), an animated television series based on the American Gladiators franchise is in development.[4]


[edit] See also

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] References

Languages

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

Static Wikipedia 2006 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu