American Champion Scout
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 8GCBC Scout | |
|---|---|
 Scout on (non-standard) tundra tires. |
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| Type | Light utility aircraft |
| Manufacturer | American Champion Aircraft |
| Designed by | Bellanca |
| Introduced | 1974 |
| Number built | more than 500, as of 2008 |
The 8GCBC Scout is a two-seat, high-wing, single-engine fixed conventional gear general aviation airplane which entered production in the United States in 1974. Designed for personal and commercial use, it is commonly found in utility roles such as bush flying—thanks to its short take off and landing (STOL) ability—as well as agriculture, pipeline patrol, and glider and banner towing.
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[edit] Production history
The Scout was designed and initially produced by Bellanca Aircraft Corporation, and is a derivative of the 7-series Citabrias and 8KCAB Decathlon; Bellanca had been building these designs since receiving them in the acquisition of Champion Aircraft Corporation in 1970. The Scout is one of two wholly Bellanca-developed contributions to these aircraft series, and is also one of only two airplanes Bellanca produced in the 7 and 8 series which are not certified for aerobatics. (The other model, in both categories, is the 7ACA.) The Scout carries the model designation 8GCBC which makes it both a sibling of the 8KCAB Decathlon and descendent of the 7GCBC Citabria. Bellanca produced more than 350 Scouts before production ended when the company's assets were liquidated in 1981.
The Scout design passed through the hands of a number of companies through the 1980s, including a Champion Aircraft Company which was no relation to the Champion Aircraft of the 1960s. In that period, only one Scout was built, in 1984. American Champion Aircraft Corporation acquired the Scout design, along with the Decathlon and the group of Citabria and Champ variants, in 1990 and brought the Scout back into production in 1993.
[edit] Design
The Scout traces its lineage back to the Aeronca Champ, by way of the Citabria. Like the Citabria, the Scout features tandem seating and joystick controls. The fuselage and tail surfaces are constructed of welded metal tubing. The outer shape of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric. The cross-section of the metal fuselage truss is triangular, a design feature which can be traced all the way back to the earliest Aeronca C-2 design of the late 1920s.
The strut-braced wings of the Scout are, like the fuselage and tail surfaces, fabric covered, utilizing aluminum ribs. The wings of Bellanca Scouts were built with wooden spars. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced and has, as well, made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft. Compared to the Citabria’s wingspan of 33.5 feet, the Scout’s wingspan is significantly longer, at over 36 feet. The Scout also carries wing flaps, a design feature it shares with the 7GCBC variant of the Citabria. The added wing area and the flaps contribute to the Scout’s STOL abilities and its capacity as a utility aircraft.
The landing gear of the Scout is in a conventional arrangement. The main gear legs of most Scouts are made of spring steel, though American Champion began to use aluminum gear legs in 2004. Compared to the Citabria’s gear, the Scout’s gear legs are considerably taller and the tires larger, again contributing to its capabilities as a utility aircraft.
Bellanca made the Scout available with several Lycoming O-360 engine variants, all of 180 horsepower (134 kw), and with the choice of a fixed-pitch or constant speed propeller. American Champion’s Scouts feature the Lycoming O-360-C1G and a choice of a two-blade constant speed propeller (standard) or a three-blade constant speed propeller (as an option).
[edit] Operational history
The success in utility roles of the 150-horsepower Citabrias, both the 7GCAA and particularly the 7GCBC—the Scout’s closest relative in the Citabria line—was the impetus for Bellanca’s creation of the Scout, with its greater wing area, larger engine, better ground clearance, and higher gross weight and useful load. Though the Scout went out of production within less than a decade of its introduction, this was not due to any fault in the design but rather to the slump in general aviation in the United States at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. Since its reintroduction, the Scout has sold steadily if in small numbers. Scouts remain popular as bush planes—including versions fitted with floats or skis—, for glider and banner towing, for pipeline patrol, in agricultural uses, and as personal aircraft.
[edit] Wood spar Airworthiness Directive
A number of Scouts were involved in accidents—in many cases fatal—which involved wing spar failures. More than a few of these accidents involved aerobatics, maneuvers for which the aircraft was neither designed nor approved. (The Scout suffered, in this respect, from its close resemblance to the Citabria line of aircraft, all of which are capable of aerobatics; the similarity in appearance suggested to pilots a similarity of ability.) Other cases of spar failure occurred during normal operations, such as banner towing; the failures would occur during high-stress portions of the flights, but under stresses which the design should have been capable of withstanding. It was typically found that these failures during normal operation had been preceded by undetected overstressing conditions which were the result of flight outside the aircraft’s limitations (such as aerobatics) or accidents in which the wings contacted the ground (including ground loops and nose-overs in which the airplane ended up on its back).
This series of failures resulted in the issuance by the Federal Aviation Administration of an Airworthiness Directive (AD 2000-25-02 R1) affecting all wood-spar wing Scouts. The AD calls for immediate and thorough inspections of the wing spars of any Scouts involved in accidents. Further, the AD mandates meticulous yearly inspections for all Scouts with wood-spar wings. Scouts built by American Champion, as well as those which have been retrofitted with the factory metal-spar wings, are exempt from the inspection requirements of the AD.
[edit] Operators
Scouts are used as tow aircraft by the Royal Canadian Air Cadets in their gliding program.
The Department of Environment and Conservation, Fire Management Services located in Western Australia operates a fleet of 8 Scout aircraft for fire detection and other air support roles.
[edit] Specifications (2006 8GCBC Scout)
General characteristics
- Crew: one pilot
- Capacity: one passenger
- Length: 23 ft 0 in (7 m)
- Wingspan: 36 ft 3 in (11 m)
- Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.9 m)
- Wing area: 180 ft² (16.7 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 4412
- Empty weight: 1,400 lb (635 kg)
- Loaded weight: 2,150 lb (975 kg)
- Useful load: 750 lb (340 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 2,150 lb (975 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Lycoming O-360-C1G, 180 hp (134.2 kW)
Performance
- Never exceed speed: 162 mph (260.7 km/h)
- Maximum speed: 140 mph (225.3 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 112 mph (180.2 km/h) (at 55% power)
- Stall speed:
- Clean: 54 mph (86.9 km/h)
- With full flaps: 49 mph (78.9 km/h)
- Clean: 54 mph (86.9 km/h)
- Range: 425 mi (684 km)
- Service ceiling 17,000 ft (5,181.6 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,075 ft/min (5.46 m/s)
- Wing loading: 11.9 lb/ft² (58.4 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 11.9 lb/hp (7.3 kg/kW)
[edit] References
- About Cadets. Cadets – Sea, Army & Air Cadets. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- Air Cadet Gliding in Manitoba. Manitoba Air Cadet Program. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
- Airworthiness Directive 2000-25-02 R1. (May 30, 2001.) Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration.
- American airplanes: Al - av. Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
- American airplanes: Ca - ci. Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
- Bellanca. Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
- National Transportation Safety Board. BFO86FA047. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- National Transportation Safety Board. BFO95FA082. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- National Transportation Safety Board. FTW84FA193. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- National Transportation Safety Board. NYC84FA306. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- National Transportation Safety Board. MKC87FA131. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- National Transportation Safety Board. NYC87FA272. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- Scout Specifications. American Champion Aircraft Corporation: Scout Model 8GCBC Specifications. Retrieved on 2006-09-08.
- Service Letter 406. Revision A. (May 6, 1998.) American Champion Aircraft.
- Type certificate data sheet no. A21CE. Revision 13. (Oct. 14, 2004.) Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration.
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
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