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碘化物 - Wikipedia

碘化物

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碘化物指含有离子(I)的化合物[1]包括以碘化铯为例的离子化合物以及以四碘化碳为例的共价化合物。大多数离子性碘化物都是可溶于水的,除了黄色的碘化银和碘化铅。

检验碘离子时,先加入几滴酸以消除碳酸根离子的干扰,再加入硝酸铅,若出现亮黄色的碘化铅沉淀,则可证明碘离子的存在。

在含碘离子的溶液中溶解度增大,原因是生成了下述的棕色I3-配离子:

I(aq) + I2(s) I3(aq)

目录

[编辑] 例子

常见的碘化物包括:

[编辑] 抗氧化剂应用

碘化物可作还原剂,还原体内过氧化氢之类的活性氧,以减少对机体的损害。蓝菌是最原始的发生光合作用的生物体,生活在超过三十亿年前。过氧化物酶和含高浓度碘的藻类(占1-3%干重)是地球上最早产生氧气的生物,[2][3]而碘化物的还原性正好可为它们提供保护,防止分子组件的氧化。[4][5] [6]

事实上,海洋中存在大量的碘化物,海洋生物链的基础(Algal phytoplankton)具有积累碘化物、硒以及n-3脂肪酸的功能。[7][8] [9]:

碘化物的生物抗氧化机理[10]

2 I → I2 + 2 e (电子) = −0.54 Volt ;
2 I + 过氧化物酶 + H2O2 + 2 酪氨酸 → 2 碘代酪氨酸 + H2O + 2 e (抗氧化剂);
2 e + H2O2 + 2 H+ (细胞内水溶液) → 2 H2O

减少活性氧的毒害:

2 I + 过氧化物酶 + H2O2 + 酪氨酸、组氨酸、脂类 -> 碘代化合物 + H2O + 2 e (抗氧化剂)

碘代化合物包括:碘代酪氨酸、碘代组氨酸、碘代脂类等等。

[编辑] 临床应用

>6mg/日的碘化物可用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进,以减少甲状腺素(TH)从甲状腺释放出来。大剂量的碘化物会抑制甲状腺球蛋白的水解,因此TH只被合成并储存在colloid里,而不是释放到血液中。

该治疗方法现今已很少使用,因为碘化物的使用会导致TH大量积累,减缓硫代酰胺的作用。

[编辑] 参见

[编辑] 参考资料

  1. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition, Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
  2. ^ Küpper FC, Feiters MC, Meyer-Klaucke W, Kroneck PMH, Butler A (2002) Iodine Accumulation in Laminaria (Phaeophyceae): an Inorganic Antioxidant in a Living System? Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology, Heraklion, Greece, September 2-6, p. 571
  3. ^ Küpper FC, Schweigert N, Ar Gall E, Legendre J-M, Vilter H, Kloareg B (1998) Iodine uptake in Laminariales involves extracellular, haloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of iodide. Planta 207:163-171
  4. ^ Ar Gall, E., Küpper, F.C. & Kloareg, B. (2004). A survey of iodine content in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 47: 30-37.
  5. ^ Küpper FC et al. (2008) Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 5 . N PMID: 18458346
  6. ^ Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M. Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life? Thyroid. 2000 Aug;10(8):727-9. PMID: 11014322
  7. ^ Venturi S. and Venturi M. “Iodine and Evolution”. DIMI-MARCHE NEWS, Dipartimento Interaziendale di Medicina Interna della Regione Marche (Italy), published on-line, Feb. 8, 2004: http://web.tiscali.it/iodio/
  8. ^ Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A. Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach. Adv Clin Path. 2000 Jan;4(1):11-7. PMID: 10936894
  9. ^ Venturi S, Venturi M. Evolution of Dietary Antioxidant Defences. European EPI-Marker. 2007, 11, 3 :1-12
  10. ^ Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodide, thyroid and stomach carcinogenesis: evolutionary story of a primitive antioxidant? Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;140(4):371-2. N PMID: 10097259


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