Iuliia Tymoshenko
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| Primièr ministre de (país): |  Ucraïna |
|---|---|
| Periòde de govèrn: | 18 de decembre de 2007 |
| Predecessor: | Viktor Ianukovych |
| Successor: | cap |
| Data de naissença: | 27 de novembre de 1960 |
| Luòc de naissença: | Dnipropetrovsk, Ucraïna |
| Profession: | |
| Partit politic: | Блок Юлії Тимошенко, Blòc Iuliia Tymoshenko |
Iuliia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (en ucraïnian Юлія Володимирівна Тимошенко) (nascuda lo 27 de novembre de 1960) es Primièra Ministra d'Ucraïna. Es la cap del partit Patria dels Ucrainians e del Blòc electoral Iuliia Tymoshenko. Èra estada abans una femna d'afars que capitèt e s'enriquiguèt dins lo negòci de l'industria del gas. Es una de las personas mai ricas d'Ucraïna. Es maridada a Oleksandr Tymoshenko e an amassa una filha, Ievhenia (nascuda en 1980).
Abans de venir la primièra femna a ocupar la carga de Primièr Ministre, èra considerada l'aligada mai importanta del menaire de l'oposicion Viktor Iushchenko (èra sa deputada del temps qu'el èra estat Primièr Ministre), e tenguèt una preséncia plan fòrta durant las eleccions presidencialas d'Ucraïna de 2004. Foguèt tanben una de las personas claus pendent la Revolucion Irange inspirada per aquelas eleccions, que portèron puèi Iushchenko al poder. Pendent aquel periòde, d'unas revistas e mèdias occidentals li donèron l'escais de "Joana d'Arc de la Revolucion Irange". Lo 28 de julhet de 2005, la revista Forbes la designèt coma la tresena femna mai potenta del mond, tot bèl just aprèp Condoleezza Rice e Wu Yi. Foguèt obligada a demissionar pel President Viktor Iushchenko en setembre de 2005, aprèp sonque uèch meses de trabalh.
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[Modificar] Biografia
Tymoshenko es filha de Ludmila Nikolaievna Telehina e de Vladimir Abramovich Grihian (qu'abandonèt la familha quand Iólia aviá pas que tres ans). Nasquèt a Dnipropetrovsk. En 1979 se maridèt amb Oleksandr Tymoshenko, filh d'un burocrata of a mid-level del partit comunista sovietic e comencèt a montar socialament through a number de posicions jol Komsomol -l'organizacion oficiala de las joventuts comunistas sovieticas. Foguèt diplomada de l'Universitat d'Estat de Dnipropetrovsk en sciéncias economicas en 1984, e went on to gain a candidate degree (l'equivalent d'un doctorat) en economia. Se has since written around 50 papers. En 1989, as part of the perestroika iniciativas, she founded and headed a Komsomol video rental chain (which grew to be quite successful), and later la privatized.
Tymoshenko coneguèt sa montada dins l'esfèra del poder jol sistèma sovietic. Pasmens foguèt aprèp la casuda de l'Union Sovietica que venguèt particularament to particular prominence, en capitanejar divèrsas companhiás ligadas al sector energetic. Aital bastiguèt sa fortuna entre 1990 e 1998. Pendent lo periòde de las privatizacions en Ucraïna, which mirrored that in Russia in terms of corrupcion and mismanagement, venguèt una of the wealthiest oligarchs in Ucraïna, exporting metals. De 1995 a 1997, Tymoshenko foguèt presidenta de la United Energy Systems of Ukraine, una companhiá privately owned middleman company which became the main importer of Russian natural gas en 1996. During that time she was nicknamed "gas princess" in the light d'acusacions she has been reselling enormous quantitats colossalas de gas rus raubat e d'aver avoiding taxation of those deals.
Pendent the business periòde de sa vida, Tymoshenko involved business de relacions (either co-operativa o ostila) amb fòrça personalitats importantas d'Ucraïna, d'en primièr, a Dnipropetrovsk. Dins aquesta lista cal citar Pavlo Lazarenko, Viktor Pinchuk, Ihor Kolomoyskyi, Rinat Akhmetov, e, plan segur, Leonid Kuchma - qu'èra en aquel tempsPresident qu'èra tanben originari de Dnipropetrovsk. As part of her gas-dealing business, Tymoshenko èra tanben been closely ligada a la management de l'entrepresa gasièra russa Gazprom.
Sas originas son estadas been the basis de qualques debats e especulacions. Tymoshenko afirma sovent qu'es mitat letona del costat de son paire e mitat ucraïniana, del costat de sa maire. Her father's last name, Grigyan, can be also misinterpreted as being Armenian. It is sometimes claimed that her maiden name is Telegina (like her mother's actual name) and that qu'a d'originas russas. En 2005, she was openly called josieva per Yevhen Chervonenko (son ancian ministre, un dels menaires de la comunitat josieva d'Ucraïna) [1]. She publicament denied that but assured that she was sympathetic als problèmas del pòble jusieu.
Tymoshenko's plaited hairstyle become iconic at the time of the Revolucion Irange, being subsequently dubbed a "Yuliya" pel the London Times (20 May 2006).
[Modificar] Carrièra politica
Modèl:Cleanup-date
Iólia Tymoshenko dintrèt dins la politica en 1996, que foguèt elegida a la Verkhovna Rada (lo parlament ucraïnian) de la Kirovohrad oblast, winning a record 92.3% of the vote in her constituency. Foguèt reelegida en 1998 e en 2002. Venguèt, en 1998, the Chair of the Budget Committee de la Verkhovna Rada.
De 1999 a 2001, Tymoshenko foguèt Deputy Prime Minister for sector de fuel e l'energia dins lo cabinet de Viktor Yushchenko. Foguèt fired pel President Leonid Kuchma en genièr de 2001 after developing a conflicte amb l'oligarquia industriala del país.
En febrièr de 2001, Tymoshenko foguèt arrestada a partir d'acusacions de forging customs documents e smuggling de gas entre 1995 e 1997 (mentre qu'èra presidenta de United Energy Systems of Ukraine) pasmens foguèt released qualques setmanas mai tard. Her political supporters organizèron un bon nombre de protest rallies a ras de la Preson de Lukyanivska ont èra estada in custody. Segon Tymoshenko, las pròvas charges èran estadas fabricadas pel regim de Kuchma, under l'influéncia dels oligarcas que se sentissián menaçats per sos esfòrces de root out la corrupcion e de metre en plaça de refòrmas institute market-based. In spite of being cleared de las acusacions, Moscow maintained an arrest warrant for Tymoshenko en cas que dintrèsse en Russia until her dismissal coma Primièr Ministre over 4 years later.
A mai, lo marit de Tymoshenko, Oleksandr, passèt doas annadas a s'amagar pr'amor d'evitar una incarceracion on charges que lo parelh couple said èra unfounded e motivats politicament per l'anciana administracion Kuchma.
Once las acusacions were dropped, se faguèt una dels menaires de street-level campaigns contra lo President Kuchma for his alleged ròtle dins l'assassinat del jornalista Georgi Gongadze. In this campanha, Tymoshenko first became known as a passionate revolutionary-like leader, an example of this being a TV broadcast of her smashing prison windows during one of the rallies.
L'annada seguenta Tymoshenko was involved dins un accident de veitura misteriós que i subrevisquèt with minor injuries—an episode some believe may have been a government assassination attempt [2]. During this time, she founded Blòc electoral Iuliia Tymoshenko (Блок Юлії Тимошенко), a political bloc that received 7.2 percent of the vote in the 2002 parliamentary election. She is the head of the Batkivshchina (Fatherland) political party.
Tymoshenko's critics have suggested that, as an oligarca, she gained her fortune improperly. Some have speculated that her familiarity with the illegal conduct of business common in Ukraine uniquely qualifies her to combat corruption—if she is willing to do so. Her former business partner, former Ukrainian Prime Minister Pavlo Lazarenko, has been convicted in the United States on charges of billions-worth money laundering, corruption and fraud.
On 28 January 2005, following the Orange Revolution, Ukrainian prosecutors agreed, and closed the cases against then Prime Minister Tymoshenko and her family members due to lack of evidence. These cases included Tymoshenko's husband and her father-in-law, Henadiy Tymoshenko. Oleksandr Tymoshenko returned to Ukraine soon after that.
Despite this questionable past, her transition from oligarch to reformer was believed by many to be both genuine and effective. As energy Deputy Prime Minister, she virtually ended many corrupt arrangements in the energy sector. Under her stewardship, Ukraine's revenue collections from the electricity industry grew by several thousand per cent. She scrapped the practice of barter in the electricity market, requiring industrial customers to pay for their electricity in cash. She also terminated exemptions for many organizations which excluded them from having their power disconnected. Her reforms meant that the government had sufficient funds to pay civil servants and increase salaries.
[Modificar] Dempuèi de la Revolucion Irange
En 24 de genièr de 2005 she was appointed as acting Primièra Ministra d'Ucraïna under Yushchenko's presidency. On 4 de febrièr de 2005, at 2:54 p.m. (Kyiv time), Yulia Tymoshenko was ratified by the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) by an overwhelming majority of 373 votes (226 were required for approval).
However, several months into her government, a failure to deliver on the promise of reform after the Orange Revolution began to damage Ms Tymoshenko's administration. On 8 September 2005, after the resignation of several senior officials including the Head of the Security and Defence Council Petro Poroshenko and Deputy Prime Minister Mykola Tomenko, Yulia Tymoshenko's government was dismissed by President Victor Yuschenko during a live TV address to the nation. She was succeeded by Yuriy Yehanurov. Later, the President criticized her work as head of the Cabinet, suggesting it had led to an economic slowdown and political conflicts within the ruling coalition.
[Modificar] 2006 parliamentary election
After her dismissal Tymoshenko started to tour the country in a bid to win the 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election as the leader of her Blòc electoral Iuliia Tymoshenko. She soon announced that she wanted to return to the post of Prime Minister.
With the Bloc coming second in the election, and winning 129 seats, many speculated that she might form a coalition with Yushchenko's Our Ukraine party and the Partit Socialista d'Ucraïna (PSU) to prevent the Party of Regions from gaining power. Tymoshenko again reiterated her stance in regard to becoming Prime Minister. However, negotiations with Our Ukraine and SPU faced many difficulties as the various bloc's scrapped over posts and engaged in counter-negotiations with other groupings.
On Wednesday 21 de junh de 2006, the Ukrainian media reported that the parties finally reached a coalition agreement, which appeared to have ended nearly three months of political uncertainty.[3]
Tymoshenko's nomination and confirmation as new Prime Minister was expected to be straightforward. However, the nomination was preconditioned on an election of her long-term rival Petro Poroshenko from Our Ukraine as the speaker of the parliament. Within a few days after the coalition agreement had been signed, it became clear that the coalition members mistrusted each other, since they considered it to be a deviation from parliamentary procedures in order to hold a simultaneous vote on Poroshenko as the speaker and Tymoshenko as Prime Minister.
To aggravate matters, opposition members from the Party of Regions blocked the parliament from Thursday, June 29 [4] through Thursday, July 6.[5]. The Party of Regions announced an ultimatum to the coalition, demanding that the parliamentary procedures be observed, asking membership in parliamentary committees to be allocated in proportion to seats held by each fraction, chairmanship in certain Parliamentary committees as well as Governorships in the administrative subdivisions won by the Party of Regions. The coalition agreement deprived the Party of Regions and the communists of any representation in the executive and leadership in parliamentary committees[6] while in the local regional counsils won by the Party of Regions, the coalition parties were locked out of all committees as well.
Following a surprise nomination of Oleksandr Moroz from SPU as the Rada speaker and his subsequent election late on July 6 with the support of the Party of Regions, the "Orange coalition" collapsed. After the creation of a large coalition of majority, led by the former prime minister Viktor Yanukovych and composed of the Party of Regions, Socialists and Communists, Viktor Yanukovych became Prime Minister, and the other two parties were left in the wilderness. Whilst Tymoshenko immediately announced that her political force would form a shadow cabinet to the current government, Our Ukraine stalled until October 4 2006, when it too joined the opposition [7].
[Modificar] Nòtas
Modèl:Fnb Tymoshenko's first name is variously transliterated as Yuliya, Yulia, Iulia, or Julia.
[Modificar] Ligams extèrns
| Precedit per Mykola Azarov (interim) |
 Primièr ministre d'Ucraïna 24 de genièr de 2005 - 8 de setembre de 2005 |
Seguit per Iouri Ekhanourov (interim) |
| Precedit per Viktor Ianukovych |
Primièr ministre d'Ucraïna 18 de decembre de 2007 - ara |
Seguit per - cap |
