ペナント・ナンバー
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
現代のイギリス海軍、イギリス連邦、ヨーロッパ諸国の軍艦には、識別のためにペナント・ナンバー（pennant number）が付されている。ペンダント（pendant）・ナンバーとも言う。ペナント・ナンバーという名称は、そもそも艦艇に所属小艦隊や艦種を表すペナント（旗）が与えられたことから来ている。たとえばイギリス海軍では赤い三角旗が魚雷艇を、H（の信号旗）が魚雷艇駆逐艦を表していた。これらのペナントに数字を加えることで、各艦を特定することができた。それゆえペナント・ナンバーは文字と数字の組み合わせになっている。数字の前に置かれる文字をflag superior（前置フラッグ）、数字の後に置かれる文字をflag inferior（後置フラッグ）と言う。ただし前置フラッグのないペナント・ナンバーもある。
For the American equivalent, see Hull classification symbol
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[編集] Royal Navy Systems
The system was adopted prior to World War I to distinguish between ships with the same or similar names, to reduce the size and improve the security of communications, and to assist recognition when ships of the same class are together. Traditionally , a pennant number was reported with a period "." between the flag superior or inferior and the number, although this practice has gradually been dropped, and inter-war photos after about 1924 tend not to have the period painted on the hull. The system was used throughout the navies of the British Empire so that a ship could be transferred from one navy to another without changing its pennant number.
Pennant numbers were originally allocated by individual naval stations and when a ship changed station it would be allocated a new number. The Admiralty took the situation in hand and first compiled a "Naval Pennant List" in 1910, with ships grouped under the distinguishing flag of their type. In addition, ships of the 2nd and 3rd (i.e. reserve) fleets had a second flag superior distinguishing from which naval depot they were manned; "C" for Chatham, "D" for Devonport, "N" for Nore and "P" for Portsmouth. Destroyers were initially allocated the flag superior "H", but as this covered only one hundred possible combinations from H00 to H99 the letters "G" and "D" were also allocated. When ships were sunk, their pennant numbers were reissued to new ships.
The flag superior for whole ship classes has often been changed while the numbers stayed the same. For example, in 1940, the Royal Navy swapped the letters "I" and "D" around (e.g. D18 became I18 and I18 became D18) and in 1948, "K", "L" and "U" all became "F", where there was a conflict, a 2 was added to the front of the pennant number.
During the 1970s the service stopped painting pennant numbers on submarines on the grounds that, with the arrival of nuclear boats, they spent too little time on the surface, although submarines do continue to be issued numbers. HMS Lancaster was initially allocated the pennant number F232, until it was realised that in the Royal Navy, form number 232 is the official report for ships that have run aground; sailors being superstitious, it was quickly changed to F229. -->
[編集] 第二次世界大戦中
[編集] 前置フラッグのないペナントナンバー
主力艦（Capital Ship）、航空母艦（Aircraft Carrier）、巡洋艦（Cruiser）。
- Pennant number 13 was not allocated.
[編集] 前置フラッグ
- D — 1940年までの駆逐艦（Destroyer）。1940年からの主力艦、航空母艦、巡洋艦。
- F — 1940年までの駆逐艦。1940年からの大型補助巡洋艦。
- G — 1940年からの駆逐艦。
- H — 駆逐艦。
- I — 1940年までの主力艦、航空母艦、巡洋艦。1940年からの駆逐艦。
- J — 機雷掃海艇（Minesweeper）。
- K — コルベット、フリゲート。
- L — 1941年までの護衛駆逐艦（Escort destroyer）、スループ。
- M — 機雷敷設艦（Minelayer）。
- N — 機雷掃海艇。
- P — 1939年までのスループ。
- R — 1942年からの駆逐艦。スループ。
- T — 河川用砲艦（River gunboats ）。
- U — 1941年からのスループ。
- X — 特務艦（Special service vessels）。
- 4 — 補助防空艦（Auxiliary anti-aircraft vessels）。
- Pennant numbers 13 were not allocated to flag superiors. The letters J and K were used with three number combinations due to the number of vessels.
