Vytautas Magnus University
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| Vytautas Magnus University | |
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| Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas | |
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| Established: | 1922 |
| Type: | Public |
| Rector: | Prof Zigmas Lydeka |
| Students: | 9000 |
| Location: | Kaunas, Lithuania (EU) |
| Campus: | Urban |
| Website: | http://www.vdu.lt/ |
Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas(VDU)) is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania. The university was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternate national university.[1] Initially it was known as the University of Lithuania, but in 1930 the university was renamed to Vytautas Magnus University, commemorating 500 years of death of Vytautas the Great, the Lithuanian ruler, well known for the nation's greatest historical expansion in the 15th century.
It is one of the leading universities of Lithuania, has now about 8,700 students, including master and Ph.D. candidates. There are a little less than 1000 employees, including approximately 70 professors.[2]
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[edit] History
[edit] Establishment of University
The beginnings of higher education in Lithuania go back to the 16th century when, in 1579, the college founded by Jesuits in Vilnius became a higher school of education - Academia et Universitas Vilnensis. In 1832 in the aftermath of the November Uprising Czar Nicholas I closed the university.
However, in 1918, with the establishment of the independent Republic of Lithuania, the State Council decided to reestablish the Vilnius University. Since Vilnius was later occupied and the Lithuanian government had to be transferred to Kaunas, this decision was not put into effect.
At the beginning of 1920, Higher Courses of Study were established in Kaunas, laying the foundation for the establishment of a university. The Lithuanian Cabinet of Ministers decided to establish the University of Lithuania in Kaunas, February 13, 1922. The ceremonial opening of the university took place February 16, 1922, while on the 12th of April the President of Lithuania confirmed the university's Statute along with six faculties: Theology-Philosophy, Humanities, Law, Mathematics and Sciences, Medicine and Technical Studies.
The affiliate Agricultural Academy was founded in 1924 on the basis of the Agronomy and Forestry sections of the Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences; in 1936 the Veterinary Academy was established in a similar fashion on the basis of the Veterinary section of the Faculty of Medicine.
On June 7, 1930 commemorating 500 years of the death of Lithuanian politician the university was named Vytautas the Great University (Latin: Vytautas Magnus University).
[edit] Under occupations
In 1940 Vytautas the Great University helped to reestablish the University of Vilnius: in the winter the Faculties of Humanities and Law were transferred to Vilnius, and in the summer, the Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences. The occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union forced the university to be named the University of Kaunas in the summer of 1940. At the beginning of 1941 university professors took an active part in establishing the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
The Lithuanian Provisional Government restored the name of Vytautas the Great to the university in the summer of 1941, after the Soviet - Nazi Germany war broke out. The German occupation government closed the university in March 1943, after Lithuanians refused to form SS battalion. Many professors and students were persecuted.
The University was reopened in the fall of 1944 with four faculties: History-Philology, Medicine, Construction and Technology. The transfer of the Faculty of Philosophy to Vilnius was the reason why the University of Kaunas was closed in the fall of 1949. The university was reorganized into Kaunas Polytechnic Institute and the Kaunas Medical Institute in October 31, 1950.
[edit] Reestablishment of University
The act of reestablishing Vytautas Magnus University was proclaimed April 28, 1989. The Supreme Council of Lithuania passed the law reestablishing the university July 4, 1989, while the Council of Ministers registered the temporary Statute for the university's period of reestablishment on the 22nd of July. The first academic year began in the university's reestablished Faculties of Economics, Humanities and Sciences September 1, 1989.
The reestablished university was the second in then Soviet-occupied Lithuania, and the first school of higher education that was independent of governmental institutions. The most important principle in the university's activity became academic freedom, while its main purpose was to prepare graduates with a broad humanistic orientation for Lithuania's needs in research, culture, education and economy.
A common program of study in humanities and general education for the first two years of study for all students appeared in 1990. Its aim was to develop well-rounded individuals who were free and creative.
In 1991 the university was the first in Lithuania to establish in a system of study based on several levels, the completion of which resulted in the granting of Bachelor's or Master's degrees, as well as the Doctoral degrees. The feature of this university still remains exceptional in Lithuania today: this is a liberal policy for studies, according to which students are admitted not into specific specializations but into fields of study.
The students themselves put together their plan of study and make a final choice of their program after the first two years of study. Particular attention is given to foreign languages and computer skills thus making this university different from other schools of higher education in the country.
During the university's first decade the number of students and teachers grew more than twenty times. It has become the center for academic work in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Theology and Fine Arts, Political Sciences and Law in Kaunas. Modern programs have been expanding in: Informatics, Environmental Sciences, Biology, Mathematics and Physics.
Master's and Doctoral studies became a priority at the university and demanded a pedagogical staff with high qualifications. Therefore the university invited to its classrooms and laboratories the most celebrated of scholars from Lithuania's research institutes, creating in 1993 the first Research and Study Association in Lithuania. Ten Lithuanian research institutes formed this association together with the university: the Institutes for Lithuanian History, Lithuanian Language, Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Lithuanian Philosophy and Sociology, biochemistry, Mathematics and Informatics, Semiconductor Physics, Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Architecture and Civil Engineering, and Lithuanian Forestry.
The university has the right to grant doctoral degrees in nineteen scholarly fields and their branches and the Doctor Habilitus in eight fields. The pedagogical titles of professor and associate professor may be granted in the fields of Humanities, Social Sciences, Physics and Biomedicine.
[edit] International relations
The university has ties with numerous universities of North America and Europe, as well as East Asia.
Special student and teacher exchange programs have been set up with next universities:
- In Europe: University of Bergen (Norway), Roskilde (Denmark), Göteborg, Linköping and Växjö (Sweden), Greifsvald, Hohenheim, Zittau/Görlitz (Germany), Poitiers, Du Maine, Pierre et Marie Curie University (France), Parma, SDA Bocconi (Italy, and University of Torun (Poland));
- In the United States of America: Alabama, Fordham, Creighton, Loyola, Seton Hall universities;
- In East Asia: Kansai Gaidai, Waseda and the International Christian University (Japan), Kyunghee University and Chungang University (South Korea).
A program in Baltic Studies for foreign students was initiated at the university in 1997.
[edit] Club activities
Questions concerning students' academic, social and cultural rights are resolved through the Student Council. About twenty student corporations and clubs are active in the university. The university sports club "Vytis" coordinates sports activities. The university's artistic groups - the Women's Chamber Choir, the dance group "Žilvytis", the folkloric ensemble "Mintinis" and the Rhetorical Theatre - have won various contests in Lithuania and abroad.
[edit] University now
[edit] Distinguished professors, now living
[edit] References
- ^ * http://www.vdu.lt/history/VMU_history.htm - history of Vytautas Magnus University
- ^ * http://www.vdu.lt/history/rekriausataskatos/2006_VDU_ataskaita.pdf - public report 2006
[edit] External links
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