States of Malaysia
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Malaysia is a federation of 13 states (in Malay, Negeri). Eleven states are located on the Malay Peninsula while two are on the island of Borneo.
Contents |
[edit] West Malaysia, on the Malay Peninsula
- States (State capitals in parentheses):
Sultanate of Johor (Johor Bahru)
Sultanate of Kedah (Alor Star)
Sultanate of Kelantan (Kota Bharu)
Sultanate of Pahang (Kuantan)
Sultanate of Perak (Ipoh)
Sultanate of Selangor (Shah Alam)
Sultanate of Terengganu (Kuala Terengganu)
Elective Monarchy of Negeri Sembilan (Seremban)
Kingdom of Perlis (Kangar)
Melaka (Bandar Melaka).svg/22px-Flag_of_Penang_(Malaysia).svg.png)
Pulau Pinang (George Town)
- Federal Territories:
Federal Territory of Putrajaya (federal administrative capital)
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (legislative capital)
[edit] East Malaysia, on Borneo
- States (State capitals in parentheses):
- Federal Territory:
Federal Territory of Labuan (Bandar Labuan)
[edit] Codes and Abbreviations
Country and regional codes. Note that FIPS 10-4 and ISO 3166-2:MY codes are not interchangeable.
| Regions | Abbreviation | ISO 3166-2:MY | FIPS 10-4[a] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johor | JHR | MY-01 | MY01 |
| Kedah | KDH | MY-02 | MY02 |
| Kelantan | KTN | MY-03 | MY03 |
| Melaka[1] | MLK | MY-04 | MY04 |
| Negeri Sembilan | NSN | MY-05 | MY05 |
| Pahang | PHG | MY-06 | MY06 |
| Pulau Pinang[1] | PNG | MY-07 | MY09 |
| Perak | PRK | MY-08 | MY07 |
| Perlis | PLS | MY-09 | MY08 |
| Selangor | SGR | MY-10 | MY12 |
| Terengganu | TRG | MY-11 | MY13 |
| Sabah | SBH | MY-12 | MY16 |
| Sarawak | SRW | MY-13 | MY11 |
| W.P Kuala Lumpur | KUL | MY-14 | – |
| W.P Labuan | LBN | MY-15 | MY15 |
| W.P Putrajaya | PJY | MY-16 | – |
| Wilayah Persekutuan[2] | – | – | MY14 |
[edit] Notes
[a] – Code MY10 is not used in FIPS 10-4 but was used for FIPS 10-3[1] (for Sabah)
[1] – Territories named in official language for both FIPS 10-4 and ISO 3166-2:MY code lists[2]
[2] – Wilayah Persekutuan defined as the territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Used by FIPS only
[edit] Governance
The nine Malay States have a hereditary Ruler as titular Head of state and a popularly elected, executive Chief Minister or Menteri Besar as politically responsible Head of government. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans (typically Islamic). Only Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the rare, autochthonous Malay title of Yang di-Pertuan Besar, whereas only the Ruler of Perlis is titled Raja (a relic from the Hindu period). The Federal King (titled Yang di-Pertuan Agong) is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term. Former British settlements and crown colonies of Penang and Malacca (both peninsular) and Sabah and Sarawak (both on Borneo) each have a federally appointed titular Governor (but styled Yang di-Pertua Negeri 'head of state') and an executive Chief Minister.
Theoretically, any matter not set out in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia can be legislated on by the individual states. However, legal scholars generally view this as a "pauper's bequest" because of the large scope of the matters listed in the Ninth Schedule. The courts themselves have generally favoured a broad interpretation of the language of the Ninth Schedule, thus limiting the number of possible subjects not covered. The Ninth Schedule specifically lists the following matters as those that can only be legislated on by the states: land tenure, the Islamic religion, and local government.[3]
The Parliament of Malaysia is permitted to legislate on issues of land, Islamic religion and local government in order to provide for a uniform law between different states, or on the request of the state assembly concerned. The law in question must also be passed by the state assembly as well, except in the case of certain land law-related subjects. Non-Islamic issues that fall under the purview of the state may also be legislated on at the federal level for the purpose of conforming with Malaysian treaty obligations.[4]
- See also: List of capitals in Malaysia
[edit] Singapore and Brunei
Singapore was a Malaysian state from the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 until Singapore separated from the rest of Malaysia on 9 August 1965.
Brunei was invited to join the federation but decided not to at the last minute because of several reasons.
[edit] Key statistics
| State | Population | Area (sq km) | Pop. density | Urban pop.(%) | Bumiputra (%) | Chinese (%) | Indian (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selangor | 4,188,876 | 7,960 | 526 | 87.6 | 53.5 | 30.7 | 14.6 |
| Johor | 2,740,625 | 18,987 | 144 | 65.2 | 57.1 | 35.4 | 6.9 |
| Sabah | 2,603,485 | 73,619 | 35 | 48.0 | 80.5 | 13.2 | 0.5 |
| Sarawak | 2,071,506 | 124,450 | 17 | 48.1 | 72.9 | 26.7 | 0.2 |
| Perak | 2,051,236 | 21,005 | 98 | 58.7 | 54.7 | 32.0 | 13.0 |
| Kedah | 1,649,756 | 9,425 | 175 | 39.3 | 76.6 | 14.9 | 7.1 |
| FT Kuala Lumpur | 1,379,310 | 243 | 5,676 | 100.0 | 43.6 | 43.5 | 11.4 |
| Penang | 1,500,449 | 1,031 | 1,274 | 80.1 | 42.5 | 46.5 | 10.6 |
| Kelantan | 1,313,014 | 15,024 | 87 | 34.2 | 95.0 | 3.8 | 0.3 |
| Pahang | 1,288,376 | 35,965 | 36 | 42.0 | 76.8 | 17.7 | 5.0 |
| Terengganu | 898,825 | 12,955 | 69 | 48.7 | 96.8 | 2.8 | 0.2 |
| Negeri Sembilan | 859,924 | 6,644 | 129 | 53.4 | 57.9 | 25.6 | 16.0 |
| Malacca | 635,791 | 1,652 | 385 | 67.2 | 63.8 | 29.1 | 6.5 |
| Perlis | 204,450 | 795 | 257 | 34.3 | 85.5 | 10.3 | 1.3 |
| FT Labuan | 76,067 | 92 | 827 | 77.7 | 79.6 | 15.8 | 1.3 |
| FT Putrajaya | 45,000 | 148 | 304 | 100.0 | 94.8 | 1.8 | 2.7 |
Source: National Census 2000, Department of Statistics Malaysia. Putrajaya data is for 2004.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ USAid Geocode
- ^ MaxMind GeoIP
- ^ Wu, Min Aun & Hickling, R. H. (2003). Hickling's Malaysian Public Law, pp. 64–65. Petaling Jaya: Pearson Malaysia. ISBN 983-74-2518-0.
- ^ Wu & Hickling, pp. 65–66.
[edit] External links
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