Skagway, Alaska
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| Skagway, Alaska | |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon |
| Area | |
| - Total | 464.347 sq mi (1,202.652 km²) |
| - Land | 452.442 sq mi (1,171.819 km²) |
| - Water | 11.905 sq mi (30.834 km²) |
| Elevation | 33 ft (10 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 862 |
| - Density | 1.9052/sq mi (0.7356/km²) |
| Time zone | Alaska (AKST) (UTC-9) |
| - Summer (DST) | AKDT (UTC-8) |
| Area code(s) | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-70760 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1414754 |
Skagway (pronounced /ˈskægweɪ/) is a city in Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, on the Alaska Panhandle.
This city is part of the setting for Jack London's book The Call of the Wild. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city was 862. The port of Skagway is a popular stop for cruise ships, and the tourist trade is a big part of the city's business. The White Pass and Yukon Route narrow gauge railroad, part of the area's mining past, is now in operation purely for the tourist trade and runs throughout the summer months.
Skagway (originally spelled Skaguay) is from the Tlingit name for the area, "Skagua." The name has several meanings, "the place where the north wind blows," "stiffly wind-rippled water," etc.{[fact}}
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[edit] History
The area around present-day Skagway was inhabited by Tlingit people from prehistoric times. They fished and hunted in the waters and forests of the area and had become prosperous by trading with other groups of people on the coast and in the interior.
One prominent resident of early Skagway was William "Buddy" Moore, a former steamboat captain. As a member of an 1887 boundary survey expedition, he had made the first recorded investigation of the pass over the Coast Mountains, which later became known as White Pass. He believed that gold lay in the Klondike because it had been found in similar mountain ranges in South America, Mexico, California, and British Columbia. In 1887, he and his son Ben claimed a 160-acre (650,000 m²) homestead at the mouth of the Skagway River in Alaska. Moore settled in this area because he believed it provided the most direct route to the potential goldfields. They built a log cabin, a sawmill, and a wharf in anticipation of future gold prospectors passing through.
In 1896, gold was found in the Klondike region of Canada's Yukon Territory. Beginning in the summer of 1897, thousands of hopeful miners poured into the new town and prepared for the 500-mile journey to the gold fields in Canada.
One of the effects of the sudden rush of people was that some of the more experienced offered miners transportation services, often at highly inflated rates. A group of miners, upset with the treatment, organized a town council to help protect their interests. The outcome was that as the miners in the council moved north one by one the control of the town reverted to the more unscrupulous among the newcomers and locals organized by "Soapy" Smith.
This journey began for many when they climbed the mountains over the White Pass above Skagway and onward across the Canadian border to Lake Bennett, or one of its neighboring lakes, where they built barges and floated down the Yukon River to the gold fields around Dawson City. Others disembarked at nearby Dyea, northwest of Skagway, and crossed northward on the Chilkoot Pass, an existing Tlingit trade route to reach the lakes. The Dyea route fell out of favor when larger ships began to arrive, as its harbor was too shallow for them except at high tide.
Some prospectors also realized how difficult the trek would be that lay ahead on the route and chose to stay behind to supply goods and services to miners. Within a year, stores, saloons, and offices lined the muddy streets of Skagway. The population was estimated at 8,000 residents during the spring of 1898 with approximately 1,000 prospective miners passing through town each week. By June 1898, with a population between 8,000 and 10,000, Skagway was the largest city in Alaska.
In 1898, Skagway was a lawless town, described by one Canadian Mountie as "little better than a hell on earth". Fights, prostitutes and liquor were ever-present on Skagway's streets. The most colorful resident of this period was outlaw Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith. He was a sophisticated swindler who liked to think of himself as a kind and generous benefactor to the needy. He had gracious manners and he gave money to widows and stopped lynchings, while at the same time operating a ring of thieves who swindled prospectors with cards, dice, and the shell game. His telegraph office charged five dollars to send a message anywhere in the world. Prospectors sent news to their folks back home without bothering to look behind the telegraph shack where the telegraph wires ended in the brush. Soapy also controlled a comprehensive spy network, a private militia called the Skagway Military Company, the newspaper, the Deputy U.S. Marshall and an array of thieves and con-men who roamed about the town. Soapy was shot by Frank Reid on July 8, 1898. It is agreed by several historians, and the descendants of Soapy Smith, that there was another man who also shot Soapy.
Officials in Canada began requiring that each prospector entering Canada on the north side of the White Pass bring with him one ton (909 kg) of supplies, to ensure that he didn't starve during the winter. This placed a large burden on the prospectors and the pack animals climbing the steep pass.
In 1898, a 14-mile, steam-operated aerial tramway was constructed up the Skagway side of the White Pass, easing the burden of those prospectors who could afford the fee to use it. The Chilkoot Trail tramways also began to operate in the Chilkoot Pass above Dyea. In 1896, before the Klondike gold rush had begun, a group of investors saw an opportunity for a railroad over that route. It was not until May of 1898 that the White Pass and Yukon Route began laying narrow gauge railroad tracks in Skagway. The railroad depot was constructed between September and December 1898. This destroyed the viability of Dyea, as Skagway had both the deep-water port and the railroad.
Construction of McCabe College, the first school in Alaska to offer a college preparatory high school curriculum, began in 1899. The school was completed in 1900.
By 1899, the stream of gold-seekers had diminished and Skagway's economy began to collapse. By 1900, when the railroad was completed, the gold rush was nearly over. In 1900, Skagway was incorporated as the first city in the Alaska Territory. Much of the history of Skagway was saved by early residents, such as Martin Itjen, who ran a tour bus around the historic town. He was responsible for saving and maintaining the gold rush cemetery from complete loss. He purchased Soapy Smith's saloon (Jeff Smith's Parlor), from going the way of the wrecking ball, and placed many early artifacts of the cities early history inside and opened Skagway's first museum.
The Skagway area today is home to the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park and White Pass and Chilkoot Trails. Skagway has a historic district of about 100 buildings from the gold rush era. It receives about a million tourists annually, most of whom (about three quarters) come on cruise ships. The White Pass and Yukon Route still operates its narrow gauge train around Skagway during the summer months primarily for tourists. The WPYR also ships copper ore from the interior.
Skagway was one of the few towns in Alaska (along with Petersburg and Seward) to endorse the 1939 Slattery Report on Alaskan development through immigration, especially of Jews from Germany and Austria.
[edit] Geography
Skagway is located at (59.468519, -135.305962)[1].
Skagway is located in a narrow glaciated valley at the head of the Taiya Inlet, the north end of the Lynn Canal, which is the most northern fjord on the Inside Passage on the south coast of Alaska. It is in the Alaska panhandle 90 miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska's capital city. Although the city borders only the Haines Borough and British Columbia, it remains a part of the Unorganized Borough of Alaska. It is in fact an exclave of its own Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 464.4 square miles (1,202.7 km²), of which, 452.4 square miles (1,171.8 km²) of it is land and 11.9 square miles (30.8 km²) of it (2.56%) is water.
[edit] Demographics
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 862 people, 401 households, and 214 families residing in the city. The population density was 1.9 people per square mile (0.7/km²). There were 502 housing units at an average density of 1.1/sq mi (0.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.34% White, 3.02% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 0.81% from other races, and 3.02% from two or more races. 2.09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 401 households out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.5% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $49,375, and the median income for a family was $62,188. Males had a median income of $44,583 versus $30,956 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,700. About 1.0% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Transportation
Skagway is one of three Southeast Alaskan communities that is connected to the road system; Skagway's connection is via the Klondike Highway, completed in 1978. This allows access to the lower 48, Whitehorse, the Yukon, northern British Columbia, and the Alaska Highway. This also makes Skagway an important port-of-call for the Alaska Marine Highway — Alaska's ferry system — and serves as the northern terminus of the important and heavily-used Lynn Canal corridor. (The other Southeast Alaskan communities with road access are Haines and Hyder.)
The Skagway Airport receives service from two bush carriers: Wings of Alaska, and L.A.B. Flying Service, a third air service, Skagway Air Service was closed due to lack of local mechanics in the summer of 2007.
A small majority of Skagway residents are vehemently, some would say irrationally, opposed to the proposed road out of Juneau. Although National Park Service regulations prohibit the road from continuing all the way to Skagway, a sensible number of residents see the long road and commuter ferries as a boon to their transportation interests, providing access to medical facilities, the University of Alaska Southeast, shopping for necessities, wonderful vistas for tourists in RVs, as well as a connection to jet service continuing on to the lower 48 states.
[edit] Media
Skagway is served by its local semimonthly newspaper, the Skagway News, as well as regional public radio station KHNS, which has its principal studios in nearby Haines but also has studios and programs based in Skagway.
Skagway also receives copies of the free regional newspaper Capital City Weekly.
In the Three Stooges short In the Sweet Pie and Pie, the city receives a humorous mention: "Edam Neckties, with three convenient locations: Skagway, Alaska; Little America; and Pago Pago."
[edit] References
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
[edit] External links
- The City of Skagway
- Skagway Chamber of Commerce
- Skagway Convention & Visitors Bureau
- The Skagway News local newspaper
- Soapy Smith Preservation Trust
- Alaska Division of Community Advocacy - Community Information Summary
- Alaska Division of Community Advocacy - Community Photos
- Skagway, Alaska is at coordinates Coordinates:
- University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Eric A. Hegg Photographs 736 photographs from 1897-1901 documenting the Klondike and Alaska gold rushes, including depictions of frontier life in Skagway and Nome, Alaska and Dawson, Yukon Territory. Keyword search on "Skagway".
- ”Skagway: Gateway to the Klondike”, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
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