Sind province (1936–1955)
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Sind is a former province of British India from 1936 to 1947 and Pakistan from 1947 to 1955.
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[edit] Area and Capital
Under the British, it comprised of the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur. The capital remained at Karachi.
After Pakistan's creation, the province lost the city of Karachi, as it became the capital of the newly created country.
[edit] Location
The province was bordered by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to south and east, the princely states of Bahawalpur and Khairpur to the northeast and Karachi and the princely states of Kalat and Las Bela to the west. On the southwest lay the Arabian Sea but the coast was mostly composed of the Indus delta.
[edit] History
[edit] 1936-1947
On 1936-04-01 the Sind Division of Bombay Presidency reverted back to being a province.
[edit] 1947-1955
The Partition of India in 1947 led to the province of Sind becoming part of Pakistan. The province was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali.
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[edit] Demographics
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At Partition there was a Muslim majority in Sind but with significant minorities of Hindus who were forced to leave for India, after continued massacre jointly by large numbers of muslim immigrants who spoke Urdu and military of Pakistan. The official language of Sind was Sindhi (and only Sindhi), but later, the military govt. of Pakistan closed down Sindhi schools in big cities of Sindh and replaced those with Urdu schools. Later, with the verbal orders of the military rulers, compulsory exam of written and spoken Sindhi was discontinued that was obligatory to get through for public service in Sind.
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[edit] Government
The offices of Governor of Sind and Chief Minister of Sind were established in 1936 when Sind became a province. This system would continue until 1955 when Sind was dissolved.
| Tenure | Governor of Sind[1] |
|---|---|
| 1 April 1936 | Province of Sind established |
| 1 April 1936 – 1 August 1938 | Sir Lancelot Graham (first time) |
| 1 August 1938 – 1 December 1938 | Joseph Garrett (acting) |
| 1 December 1938 – 1 April 1941 | Sir Lancelot Graham (2nd time) |
| 1 April 1941 – 15 January 1946 | Sir Hugh Dow |
| 15 January 1946 – 14 August 1947 | Sir Robert Francis Mudie |
| 14 August 1947 | Independence of Pakistan |
| 14 August 1947 – 4 October 1948 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah |
| 4 October 1948 – 19 November 1952 | Sheikh Din Muhammad |
| 19 November 1952 – 1 May 1953 | Mian Aminuddin |
| 1 May 1953 – 12 August 1953 | George Baxandall Constantine |
| 12 August 1953 – 23 June 1954 | Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah |
| 23 June 1954 – 14 October 1955 | Iftikhar Hussain Khan |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of Sind dissolved |
| Tenure | Chief Minister of Sind[1] | Political party |
|---|---|---|
| 24 April 1937 – 23 March 1938 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah | Muslim Political Party |
| 23 March 1938 – 18 March 1940 | Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (1st time) | Ittihad (Union) Party |
| 18 March 1940 – 7 March 1941 | Mir Band-e-Ali Khan Talpur | Muslim League |
| 7 March 1941 – 14 October 1942 | Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (2nd time) | Ittihad (Union) Party |
| 14 October 1942 – 14 August 1947 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah | Muslim Political Party |
| 14 August 1947 | Independence of Pakistan | |
| 14 August 1947 – 28 April 1948 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (1st time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 3 May 1948 – 4 February 1949 | Pir Illahi Bakhsh | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 18 February 1949 – 7 May 1950 | Yusuf Haroon | Non-partisan |
| 8 May 1950 – 24 March 1951 | Qazi Fazlullah | Non-partisan |
| 25 March 1951 – 29 December 1951 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (2nd time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 29 December 1951 – 22 May 1953 | Governor's rule | |
| 22 May 1953 – 8 November 1954 | Pirzada Abdus Sattar | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 9 November 1954 – 14 October 1955 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (3rd time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of Sind dissolved | |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. Pakistan Provinces. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
