Selfridges

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Selfridges & Co

Type	Private
Genre	Department Store
Founded	1909
Founder	Harry Gordon Selfridge
Headquarters	London, England
Industry	Retail
Owner	Galen Weston
Website	http://www.selfridges.com/

Selfridges is a chain of department stores in the United Kingdom. It was founded by American entrepreneur Harry Gordon Selfridge. The flagship store in London's Oxford Street is the second largest shop in the UK (after Harrods) and was opened on 15 March 1909.^[1] As of 2007, there are four stores, located in London, Birmingham, Manchester and Trafford.

1 History
2 Architecture
3 Further reading
4 References
5 External links

[edit] History

Oxford Street store in London.

Selfridges in Birmingham.

The interior of the Birmingham store.

H. Gordon Selfridge was born in 1858 in Ripon, Wisconsin, and in 1879 joined Field, Leiter and Company (later to become Marshall Field & Company), where he worked under the Chicago retailer of the same name. He worked his way up through the firm, married into the prominent Buckingham family, and amassed the fortune with which he built his new London store.

Selfridge's innovative marketing led to his success. He tried to make shopping a fun adventure instead of a chore. He put merchandise on display so customers could examine it, put the highly profitable perfume counter front-and-centre on the ground floor, and established policies that made it safe and easy for customers to shop — techniques that have been adopted by modern department stores the world over.

Either Selfridge or Marshall Field is popularly held to have coined the phrase "the customer is always right",^[2] and he did use it regularly in his extensive advertising. The phrase, however, predated Selfridge by centuries; he may have assimilated it while purchasing Persian rugs in Mumbai.^{[citation needed]}

He attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits. He was himself interested in education and science, and believed that the displays would introduce potential new customers to Selfridges, generating both immediate and long-term sales.

In 1909, after the first cross-Channel flight, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges, where it was seen by 12,000 people. The first public demonstration of television was by John Logie Baird from the first floor of Selfridges from 1-27 April 1925.

A Milne-Shaw seismograph was set up on the Selfridge store’s third floor in 1932, attached to one of the building's main stanchions, unaffected by traffic or shoppers. It recorded the Belgian earthquake of 11 June 1938 which was also felt in London. At the outbreak of war, the seismograph was moved from its original site near the Post Office to another part of the store. In 1947, the seismograph was given to the British Museum.

The provincial stores were sold to the John Lewis Partnership in the 1940s. The remaining Oxford Street store was acquired in 1951 by the Liverpool-based Lewis's chain of department stores, which was in turn taken over in 1965 by the Sears group of Charles Clore.^[3] In March 1998 Selfridges had acquired a new logo at use to the present which came in tandem with the opening of the Trafford Centre outlet and Selfridges demerger from Sears.

Between 1998 and 2003, the store supplemented its 540,000-square-foot (50,000 m²)^[4] London flagship store with a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m²) store at the Trafford Centre in Manchester; a 125,000-square-foot (11,600 m²) store in Exchange Square, Manchester, and a 260,000-square-foot (24,000 m²)^[5] store in the Birmingham Bull Ring shopping complex.

In 2003, the chain was acquired by Canada's Galen Weston for £598 million. Weston, a retailing expert who is the owner of Canada's major supermarket chains Loblaws and No Frills among others, has chosen to invest in renovation of the Oxford Street store, rather than to carry out planned expansion to Leeds, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Bristol, and Glasgow which appears to have been abandoned due to plans for stores at the locations having been suspended since 2003 and the planned construction of the Glasgow store having not commenced as of 2007 even though Selfridges own a site in the city.^[6] The Chief Executive is Irish retailer, Paul Kelly. Kelly has worked for the Weston organisation since the mid-eighties.

[edit] Architecture

Another internal view of the Birmingham store.

Selfridge stores are known for architectural excellence. Their main store was designed by Daniel Burnham, who also crafted Marshall Field's main store in his home town of Chicago. The London store was built in phases, the first phase consisting only of the nine-and-a-half bays closest to the Duke Street corner.^[7] A scheme to erect a massive tower above the store was never carried out.^[8] Also involved in the design of the store were the American architect Francis Swales, who worked on decorative details, and the British architect Frank Atkinson.^[9] The 260,000-square-foot (24,000 m²)^[10] Birmingham store, designed by architects Future Systems, is covered in 15,000 spun aluminium discs. The stores are also distinctive for their yellow carrier bags - available in a selection of sizes.