Russell Conwell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Russell Herman Conwell (February 15, 1843 – December 6, 1925) was an American Baptist minister, lawyer, writer, and outstanding orator. He is best remembered as the founder and first president of Temple University in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, and for his lecture and book Acres of Diamonds. He was born in South Worthington, Massachusetts. He was buried in Founder's Garden at Temple University.[1]
He studied law at the Albany Law School and became a lawyer. He was a writer for the Boston Evening Traveller (Newspaper), first visiting and writing on civil war battlefields and then on an around-the-world trip on which he was inducted into the Chinese Freemasons.[citation needed]
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[edit] War experiences
During the American Civil War he served in the union army from 1862-1864 and was commissioned a Captain. He, a non-believer at the time, was attended by a sixteen year old aide de camp named Johnny Ring, a devoutly Christian youth who shared his tent and was also charged with safeguarding the captain's saber. The boy "idolized Conwell and was always with him," an affection which Conwell returned. On one occasion, Conwell being away from camp, the platoon was forced into a hasty retreat, setting fire to a bridge to block pursuit. Ring, attempting to save his captain's sword, crossed the burning bridge and enemy lines, retrieving the sword and crossing back through the flames, dying later of his burns. Upon hearing the news Conwell lost consciousness, then spent days in delirium of grief, converting to Christianity later so as to be able to rejoin his friend after death. According to his own account, it is the memory of the love they shared that gave him the energy to accomplish his works in life.[2]
[edit] Role as a Baptist Minister
Russell H. Conwell was called to the pastorate of the Grace Baptist Church of Philadelphia before the church had heard him preach. Brother Alexander Reed had heard Mr. Conwell preach when he visited him at Lexington, Massachusetts. Brother Reed was an outstanding leader of the Church and recommended the Mr. Conwell become the new pastor. The official “call” was made on October 16, 1882. Mr. Conwell arrived at Philadelphia on a Friday evening and was met by a group of men from the Church. The group consisted of Deacons Stoddard and Singley, also Enos Spare and Spencer VanHorn. They escorted him to the church at Mervine and Berks Streets in Philadelphia. Deacon Reed was leading a prayer meeting at that time. Here pastor and members met for the first time.
Mr. Conwell preached on the following Sunday in the lower room of the basement—later to be called the Lecture Room, as the Upper Main Audience Room was yet unfinished. Workmen were still finishing the frescoing, placing the pews, stained glass windows and carpeting, etc. This church building was later dedicated by Mr. Conwell on December 3, 1882.
The Public Ledger reported the following about the new minister and the new church. The December 4, 1882 issue read:
Dedication of a New Baptist Church services conducted by the Rev. Russell H. Conwell, late of Massachusetts.The church proper on the upper story is in the form of an amphitheater, and has seating capacity for between six and seven hundred persons. It is finished with great taste and completeness. The ceiling is frescoed, the windows are of stained glass and the pews of hard wood and handsomely upholstered. The edifice cost about $70,000.
Mr. Conwell ended evening services with an hour of prayer, leading the song service, and giving remarks along the lines of his sermon. The musical pastor often contributed a solo during the evening service.
The story of Hattie May Wiatt is one of importance to the Baptist Temple as it describes the role of a child in encouraging the congregation to grow and build a new church building. Hattie was found crying because there was not enough room in the Sunday School for her to attend. Mr. Conwell placed her on his shoulders and carried her through the waiting crowds into the church. She began saving her pennies to build a larger Sunday School. She had saved only fifty-seven cents when she contracted diphtheria and died. Her parents gave the money to Mr. Conwell with an explanation of her reason for saving the money. The 57 pennies were later used as the first downpayment for the Broad and Berks building. Hattie May Wiatt's picture can still be found on the wall of the Children's Sunday School room.
This story so touched Mr. Conwell that he repeated many times. The Wiatt Mite Society was formed to carry on Hattie’s dream. The society continued for many years.
In September of 1887 at the Centennial celebration of the United States Constitution, money received from the Wiatt Mite Society was given “for the success of the new Temple”. This was the first time the name “Temple” was used in place of the church name.
The membership of the Church continued to grow under the leadership of Mr. Conwell. In 1885, a letter to the Philadelphia Association stated:
The year that has passed since we met with you has been a year of uninterrupted growth and prosperity, spiritual, social and financial. Our church is much too small for those who desire to worship with us and our vestry rooms far too small for our Sabbath School. We are setting our faces as a united people toward a new and much larger house of worship, awaiting the Lord’s time and direction in the matter.
The following are the statistics for the year: United by baptism 149, of whom 34 came from the Sabbath School; total membership 700, with 975 scholars in Sabbath School. Home church expenses, $9,465.
On June 28, 1886, a committee was appointed to consider a new building. They investigated a lot at the corner of Broad and Berks Streets. A few days later the congregation agreed to purchase the lot. The first downpayment for the lot was the fifty-seven cents. The property was conveyed to the church on January 31, 1887.
In 1888, the youth group considered becoming a world-wide youth organization. The pastor was a speaker at a Christian Endeavor Convention. Mr. Conwell was very impressed by the purpose and enthusiasm of the group. He later recommended the Christian Endeavor to the youth group of the church.. On September 10, 1888,the Society of Christian Endeavor was finally organized. Mr. Frank Bauder became acting Chairman, The members were led in prayer by Deacon Moss. Then , the members elected Mr. Frank Bauder. The Christian Endeavor youth groups continued to meet at the Church until the 1960's.
Mr. Charles M. Davis, a young deacon, approached the pastor with his desire to preach. However, Mr. Davis had little education and was without the necessary funds to continue his studies. Mr. Conwell agreed to tutor him. Over the next few days, seven prospective students met with Mr. Conwell and Temple College was conceived. Ultimately, Mr. Conwell became Dr. Conwell, president of the college, presently known as Temple University.
As the membership continued to grow to over one thousand and the Sunday School to even greater members, a larger facility was desperately needed. Consequently, on Monday, March 29, 1889, a contract was negotiated to build the new church for $109,000. This figure included only the building itself.
William Bucknell agreed to give $10,000. The ground was broken for the new building on Wednesday, March 27, 1889. The cornerstone was laid on Saturday, July 13, 1889. As the new church building was nearing completion, the pastor wanted to test the acoustics. A group of five members met in the sanctuary as Mr. Conwell read Habakkuk 2:20: “The Lord is in His holy temple; let all the earth keep silence before Him.” The acoustics proved to be excellent.
On February 15, 1891, Mr. Conwell preached his last sermon in the old church at Mervine and Berks Streets.He preached the first sermon at the new building on March 1. Sixty persons were baptized in the afternoon and several addresses were given. The Rev. L. B. Hartman, the first minister, was present. The celebration continued throughout the week and the church was filled to capacity at all of the services. The new church later became known as The Baptist Temple.[3]
[edit] Acres of Diamonds
Acres of Diamonds originated as a speech which Conwell delivered over 6,000 times around the world; it was eventually published as delivered in Conwell's home town, Philadelphia.[1]
The central idea of the work is that one need not look elsewhere for opportunity, achievement, or fortune -- the resources to achieve all good things are present in your own community. This theme is developed by an introductory anecdote, told to Conwell by an Arab guide, about a man who wanted to find diamonds so badly that he sold his property and went off in futile search for them; the new owner of his home discovered that a rich diamond mine was located right there on the property. Conwell elaborates on the theme through examples of success, genius, service, or other virtues involving ordinary Americans contemporary to his audience: "dig in your own back-yard!".
Conwell's capacity to establish Temple University and his other civic projects largely derived from the income that he earned from this speech.
[edit] Legacy
His name lives on, as well, in the present-day Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (with campuses in South Hamilton and Boston, Massachusetts and Charlotte, North Carolina). This interdenominational evangelical theological seminary was formed in 1969 by the merger of two former divinity schools (Conwell School of Theology of Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Gordon Divinity School in Wenham, Massachusetts).
The author Russell Conwell Hoban was named for him. [4]
A middle school in Philadelphia also bears his name. The school yearbook is entitled "Acres of Diamonds".
[edit] References
- ^ Find-A-Grave profile for Russell Herman Conwell
- ^ Charley Shively, Drum Beats: Walt Whitman's Civil War Boy Lovers, p.44
- ^ Grace Baptist Church Russell Conwell Archives
- ^ A brief biography of Russell Hoban
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[edit] External links
- "Temple's founder" article at Temple University
- Story of John Ring and their love
- Read "Acres of Diamonds" at Project Gutenberg
- Read "Acres of Diamonds" at Temple University website
- The true story of Hattie May Wiatt and the Temple University 57 cent church
- History of the Grace Baptist Church, The Baptist Temple.
