Republic of Prekmurje
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The Republic of Prekmurje or Mura Republica (also known Hungarian: Vendvidéki Köztársaság, Mura Köztársaság, Slovene: Murska Republika, Republika Prekmurje Prekmurian: Republika Slovenska okroglina) was a unrecognized state in the Prekmurje. The Mura Republic in the primary Hungarian records: "The Republic of Wendic March worker, soldier and ploughman board," or "Republic of Mura March." The traditional Hungarian name for the country was Vendvidék (Wendic March). At the end of June 6, 1919, Prekmurje was incorporated in the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929.
The state was bordered by Austria in the North, Hungary in the East, Slovenia in the West and Croatia in South.
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[edit] History
In Prekmurje then was notable the economic and societal arrears. The leaders of Slovenian minority the catholic's and evangelic's priest, together with vernacular masters, but then with dissimilar policy. The Catholic Slovenes and clerics sided with Jugoslavian Kingdom, as the prekmurian Slovenes and Croats, slovenes and Serbs is south-slavic people's. The hungarianist Evangelical Slovens, however supported the Hungarians. The catholic-party was to like an independent state proclaim, while the Evangelical Slovenes, and prekmurian Hungarians was desire to the uniform Hungary.
The croatian army in 1918 annex the Prekmurje, but the 83th hungarian infantry regiment was recapture the country.
All the same the Truce of Belgrade in 1918 stet the Mura and Raba country on Hungary, but the serbs at leisure have second thougths and scheme formation of a yugoslavo-czechoslovakian common border.
In March 21, 1919 the Hungarian communists and social democratists procreate the Hungarian Soviet Republic, what known anti-religious, internationalist and Russian-friend. The communists was want to expropriate the ecclesiastical assets (first of all the lordship's). Then the evangelic's and catholic's clamp. The catholic-party in order to be rid of the communist's, autonomous republic like to develop.
The Hungarian and Slovenian socialistics get up soviets in Prekmurje, but was scant people aid to the Soviet Republic. In the Međimurje Serbian and Croatian military was align againts the Prekmurje.
In Lendava anti-communist military campaign come off to, however was unveil. By this time here there was disperse to the Red Terror and the chase of the clerics.
In Murska Sobota an socialistic official and schoolmaster Vilmos Tkálecz, sometime soldier in the World War, be ensnared to in illegal trade, what the communistic-statues forbade. Tkálecz was no leftist, or yugoslav-, by accident hungarian-sympathetic. Tkálecz and some follower in May 29 declare their independence from Hungary.
The new state recognize to Austria and more a measure of some weapon, together with also an Hungarian company was helped. Tkálecz contrarily frustrate sy to the catholics and the utmost Prekmurians not uphold the republic.
The Hungarian Red Army in June 6 was march in the Prekmurje and demolish to the republic. Tkálecz break away in Austria.
The communist fifty peasant was to kill, to the be lery of, that anti-revolutionarits (anti-communists). Besides 5 million Crown indemnity lay to by the people and the Red Terror he harsh and direful.
On 1 August the Hungarian Soviet Republic was ousted by Romanian forces, some time the Serbian Army was march in Prekmurje.
[edit] The legitimacy of the Prekmurje Republic
Vilmos Tkálecz withouth confidence declared was the Prekmurje state. To be a independence on sy was emergence and procuration of a money. The idea was headlong, disagree to of the catholics vernacular autonomy movement, wich for years was welter to.
Tkálecz after 1920 lived in Hungary. In village Nagykarácsony (Fejér County) was schoolmaster.
[edit] Population
The population of the republic approx. 90,000, of which 20-22,000 were hungarians, the other Slovenes and was low German (in particular of villages Alószölnök, Gerlinci and Fikšinci), and Croatian minority. The religious composition was as follows Lutheran Christians and Roman Catholics, some Calvinist and Jew. In few village also today lived gypsys, partway hungarian, partway prekmurian language his mother tongue.
[edit] Origins
Nay was such notion of a Great-Slovenian territory under the Frist World War, which spread by Friuli up the South-Balaton country. Hear was a historical duchy, who lived Slovenes. His prince the moravian descent Pribina. This state already afore Settlement of the Magyars in Hungary (895-900) droop, and the Magyars sweep to away. The Slovenes or break away, or assimilate into the Hungarians. Few Slovenes settle down near the Mura river, who was isolation evolve and com off the Prekmurian Slovenian people. Primal perculiarity the separate dialect the prekmurian language (in Hungary Wendian language).
In the 16th and 18th century numerous Slovene families from Mura and Raba conutry settled down in Somogy. In Somogy in the 19th century still 16 slovenian village in three distric, in the population census in 2001, only 44 people declared themselves as Slovenes in the whole Somogy.
In our days the Vendvidék (Wendic March) in the maps go near in Szentgotthárd, its territory is 94 km².
[edit] The ambit
The received minutes In Murska Sobota, the republic his territory of the discrits Murska Sobota, Lendava, Szentgotthárd and some village in the Őrség country, however in deed the North-, Central- and South-West Mura march was possessed. Lendava and Szentgotthárd was not expect againts.
The principal settlements Murska Sobota, Szentgotthárd, Lendava, Beltinci and Dobrovnik.
[edit] Geography
His important regions of the state is the Raba region (in our days in Hungary the Vendvidék), in north the Goričko, near Murska Sobota the Ravensko and near Lendava the Markovsko, together with the Őrség, namely thereon village's which ones the minutes was include.
Even now much the natural, intact forests, muskegs, wildlife is typical central european animals the White Stork, Boar, European Hare, Red Fox and raritys such as the Black Stork, Black Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied toad, Alpine Newt etc.
Typical plants Northern Running-pine, Carniolian Eleocharis and Drosera rotundifolia. Significant natural territory the Black Lake, near village Orfalu.
[edit] See also
- Prekmurje
- Vendvidék
- Vilmos Tkálecz
- Hungarian Slovenes
- Banat Republic
- Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
- Former countries in Europe after 1815
- List of historical unrecognized countries
[edit] References
- László Göncz: The Mura country 1919 (Hungarian)
- Julij Titl: A Murai Köztársaság (The Mura Republic) 1971.
- Republic of Vendvidék (Hungarian)
