Polish Brazilian
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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Immigration_to_Brazil. (Discuss) |
 Polish Brazilian  Polaco Brasileiro |
|---|
 Polish immigrants in Brazil |
| Total population |
|
c. 1,500,000 Polish Brazilians |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Brazil:
Mainly Southern and Southeastern Brazil |
| Languages |
| Predominantly Portuguese. Minorities speak Polish |
| Religions |
| Predominantly Catholic or Judaism |
| Related ethnic groups |
| White Brazilian, Polish people |
A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Polish descent, or a Polish-born person with Brazilian citizenship. The number of Polish descendants in Brazil is estimated at 1.8 million.[2]
Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century, but their numbers really increased in the 1920's. Polish-Brazilians number an estimated 1.8 million people of the Brazilian population. The Brazilian State of Paraná is a dominantly Polish area in Brazil. The Polish immigrants brought native folk music and dance music to Brazil such as mazurka and polonaise. In addition to the musical elements of the Polish culture, immigrants also brought customs, manners, and styles of clothing. Polish culture has also had an impact on aspects of the cuisine and architecture of Brazil.
Polish were live in Guarapuava, Curitiba, Campo Largo, Contenda, Araucária, Lapa Săo Mateus do Sul, Irati. With the immigrants there was the valorization of jobs on the planted lands and the use of new instruments, like the plow, the grille, the sickle to cut. There was the introducing of new forms of job and professions, like forgeman, carpenter, joiner and tailor. The immigrants work helped a lot on the economic growning up of Paraná and renovated Paraná's social structure.
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[edit] Immigration
The first Polish immigrants arrived in Porto of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in August of 1869. They were 78 coming Polish of the area of Polish Southern Silesia. Commandant Redlisch, of the ship Victoria, brought colonists from Europe Central for they are seated in the Colony Brusque.
To the whole they were 16 Polish families, whose heads of the family were: Francisco Pollak, Nicolau Wós, Boaventura Pollak, Thomasz Szymanski, Simon Purkot, Felipe Purkot, Miguel Prudlo, Simon Otto, Domin Stempke, Gaspar Gbur,
Balcer Gbur, Walentin Weber, Antoni Kania, Franciszek Kania, André Pampuch and Stefan Kachel. The Polish were placed in the colonies Príncipe Dom Pedro and Itajaí, in the area of Brusque.[3]
The Polish immigration to Brazil has not been as large as the immigration of Portuguese or Italians. However, a significant numbers of Poles have settled in Brazil. The first immigrants arrived in 1869 and until 1920, it is estimated that over 60,000 Poles migrated to Brazil, 95% of whom were peasants. The State of Paraná received the majority of Polish immigrants, who settled mainly in the region of Curitiba, in the towns of Mallet, Cruz Machado, São Matheus do Sul, Irati, and União da Vitória.
Most Polish immigrants to Brazil were Catholics who arrived between 1870-1920 and worked as small farmers in the State of Paraná (Southern Brazil). Others went to the neighboring states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. After the 1920s, many Polish Jews immigrated seeking refuge from Europe, settling mainly in the State of São Paulo. Today most Brazilian Jews are of Polish descent.
[edit] Polish culture in Brazil
The State of Paraná still remains a strong influence from the Polish culture. Many small towns have a majority of Polish-descendants and the Polish language is spoken by some of them, although nowadays most Polish Brazilians only speak Portuguese. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world (after Chicago) and Polish music, dishes and culture are quite common in the region.
[edit] Polish Colonies
After the proclamation of the Republic, the Brazilian government practically opened the doors of the country to the immigration. The first years of the Republic, it was the period in that more entered immigrants in Brazil. The Polish appeared in the statistics in good number. Of 1869 up to 1914 entered in Brazil more than 102,096 Polish, distributed like this:
- Polish immigration to Brazil by State[4]
| State | Immigrants |
|---|---|
| Paraná | 42,050 |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 32,300 |
| Santa Catarina | 6,750 |
| Other states | 21,500 |
This period was known in Poland as "Brazilian" fever. Important colonies appeared in several Brazilian states:
- Paraná: Eufrosina, Rio Claro, São Mateus, Santa Bárbara, Prudentópolis, Ivaí, Apucarana (current Cândido de Abreu), Castro, Piraí do Sul, Palmeira, Cruz Machado, and others.
- Santa Catarina: Lucena (current Itaiópolis) Rio Vermelho, Massaranduba, Grã-Pará, Nova Galícia, and others.
- Rio Grande do Sul: Alfredo Chaves (current Veranópolis), Antônio Prado, Bento Gonçalves, Dom Feliciano, Mariana Pimentel, Ijuí, Guarani das Missões, Áurea, Gaurama, Jaguari, Erechim, and others.
- São Paulo: São Bernardo, Pariquera-açu, City of São Paulo, and others.
- Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, Santa Leopoldina, and others.
[edit] Notable Polish Brazilians
- Alexandre Herchcovitch
- Paulo Leminski
- Jaime Lerner
- Maurício Waldman
- Edson Zwaricz
- Henrique de Curitiba
- Alessandra Ambrosio
- Xuxa
- Angélica Ksyvickis
- Ulisses Iarochinski
[edit] References
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