Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Peterborough Borough constituency |
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|---|---|
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| Peterborough shown within Cambridgeshire, and Cambridgeshire shown within England | |
| Created: | 1541 |
| MP: | Stewart Jackson |
| Party: | Conservative |
| Type: | House of Commons |
| County: | Cambridgeshire |
| EP constituency: | East of England |
Peterborough is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, formally styled The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The serving member is the Conservative, Stewart Jackson MP, who defeated Labour's Helen Clark in the 2005 general election.[1] Immediately following the election it was widely reported that Clark was planning to defect to the Conservative Party,[2] an announcement which was not popular locally.[3] However, by early June it emerged that while she had left the Labour Party, she had not in fact joined the Conservatives and did not intend to.[4]
Contents |
[edit] Boundaries
The City of Peterborough formed a parliamentary borough returning two members in 1541. The rest of the Soke was part of Northamptonshire parliamentary county, except the area south of the River Nene in the historic county of Huntingdonshire and Thorney in the Isle of Ely, which was considered part of Cambridgeshire. Until 1832 when the whole of the parish of Saint John the Baptist was encompassed, the boundary, as far as is known, excluded the villages of Longthorpe, Dogsthorpe and Newark with Eastfield. The Great Reform Act did not affect the borough, while the rural portion of the Soke was included in the northern division of Northamptonshire. New Fletton was transferred from Huntingdonshire in 1868 and in 1918 a new borough constituency was formed including the whole of the Soke and neighbouring parts of the administrative county of Northamptonshire, extending down to and beyond Thrapston and Corby. In 1948 the boundaries of the constituency were adjusted to correspond to those of the Soke and they remained much the same until 1970.[5]
Following their recent review of parliamentary representation in Cambridgeshire, the Boundary Commission for England has made minor alterations to the existing constituencies to deal with population changes. The electoral wards used to create the modified Peterborough constituency to be fought at the next United Kingdom general election are: Bretton North, Bretton South, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Eye and Thorney, Newborough, North, Park, Paston, Ravensthorpe, Walton, Werrington North, Werrington South, and West.[6] These changes will increase the electorate from 64,893 to 70,640. On the enumeration date of 17 February 2000, the electoral quota for England was 69,934 voters per constituency.[7]
The Peterborough wards of Barnack, Fletton, Glinton and Wittering, Northborough, Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville, Orton with Hampton, Stanground Central, and Stanground East form part of the North West Cambridgeshire constituency created in 1997 from parts of Peterborough and Huntingdon constituencies. The serving member for North West Cambridgeshire is the Conservative, Shailesh Vara MP, who succeeded Sir Brian Mawhinney, former Secretary of State for Transport and Chairman of the Conservative Party, in 2005. Mawhinney, who had previously served as Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1979, was created Baron Mawhinney, of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire in 2005. Eye and Thorney was previously included in the North East Cambridgeshire constituency. The serving member for North East Cambridgeshire (formerly the Isle of Ely) is the Conservative, Malcolm Moss MP, who succeeded the Liberal, Sir Clement Freud in 1987.
[edit] Franchise
In the unreformed House of Commons in order to be either a candidate or an elector for a county seat, a man had to own (not rent) freehold property valued for the land tax at two pounds a year (women could neither vote nor stand for election). This was known as the 40/- freehold. The franchise for borough seats varied enormously. Originally in Peterborough the dean and chapter had claimed the franchise and held that only residents of Minster Precincts were burgesses. By the interregnum, the city was one of 37 boroughs in which suffrage was restricted to those paying scot and lot, a form of municipal taxation. In 1800 there were 2,000 registered voters in Northamptonshire and 400 in Peterborough. By 1835 this was 576, or about one per cent of the population.[8] Bribery was general until the introduction of the secret ballot under the Ballot Act 1872. Votes were cast by spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings, erected on the Market Place (now Cathedral Square).[9]
In 1832 the Great Reform Act enfranchised those who owned or leased land worth £10 or more and the Second Reform Act extended this to all householders paying £10 or more in rent per annum, effectively enfranchising the skilled working class, so by 1868 the percentage of voters in Peterborough had risen to about 20% of the population.[10] The Third Reform Act extended the provisions of the previous act to the counties and the Fourth Reform Act widened suffrage further by abolishing practically all property qualifications for men and by enfranchising women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications. This system, known as universal manhood suffrage, was first used in the 1918 general election. However, full electoral equality wouldn't occur until the Fifth Reform Act ten years later.
According to the 2001 census, the population count of Peterborough constituency is 95,103 persons, comprising 46,131 males and 48,972 females. 67.56% of those aged 16–74 are economically active, including 5.92% umemployed; a further 12.26% are retired and 3.08% students. Of a total 39,760 households, 63.80% are owner occupied, fewer than the regional (72.71%) and national (68.72%) averages.[11] Turnout at the 2005 general election was 41,194 or 61.0% of those eligible to vote, below the regional (63.6%) and national (61.3%) figures.
[edit] Members of Parliament
Peterborough sent two members to parliament for the first time in 1547. Before the civil war, many were relatives of the clergy; then for two hundred years after the restoration there was always a Fitzwilliam, or a Fitzwilliam nominee, sitting as member for Peterborough, making it a Whig stronghold.[12] Representation was reduced to one member under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[13] From the formal merger of the breakaway Liberal Unionists with the Conservatives in 1912 and the absorption of rural North Northamptonshire in 1918, Peterborough has been predominantly Conservative. The growth in the New Town from 1967 may in part account for Labour's victory here in 1974. Since its formation in 1997, North West Cambridgeshire has been one of the safest Conservative seats in the country. At the election which followed, Peterborough was ranked 93rd in the Conservatives's one hundred most vulnerable seats (the ones which the other parties must take if there is to be a change of government) and 73rd on Labour's target list.
In 1966, the closest poll in the city's history, Sir Harmer Nicholls held the seat by three votes after 17 recounts. Nicholls was the Conservative member from 1950 to 1974, when he lost in the October election of that year to Labour's Michael Ward, having held on by just 22 votes in the election eight months earlier. After he lost his seat he was created Baron Harmar-Nicholls, of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire. From 1979 to 1984, he served as Member of the European Parliament for Greater Manchester South. David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter, winner of 400m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics, member of the International Olympic Committee for 48 years and chairman of the organising committee of the 1948 Summer Olympics, was the Conservative member from 1931 to 1943. Lord Burghley, as he then was, succeeded the socialist writer and illustrator, Frank Horrabin, who was born in the city and elected under Ramsay Macdonald in 1929.[14]
| Tenure | Incumbent | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Parliament of England | |||
| 1547–1553 | Sir Wymond Carewe[15] | ||
| 1547–1553 | Richard Pallady[16] | ||
| 1553–1554 | Sir Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1559–1589[17] | ||
| 1553–1554 | Sir William Fitzwilliam[18] | ||
| 1554 | Giles Isham | ||
| 1554 | William Lyvelly | ||
| 1554–1555 | John Gamble | ||
| 1555–1558 | Maurice Tyrell | ||
| 1555–1558 | John Mountsteven | ||
| 1558–1562 | Sir William Fitzwilliam | ||
| 1558–1572 | Robert Wyngfyld Jnr. | ||
| 1562–1572 | John Fitzwilliam | ||
| 1572–1584 died | Hugh Fitzwilliam | ||
| 1572–1584 | Humphrey Mildmay | ||
| 1584–1588 | Sir William Fitzwilliam[19] | ||
| 1584–1586 | James Scambler | ||
| 1586–1588 | Thomas Hacke | ||
| 1588–1597 | Sir Thomas Reede | ||
| 1588–1592 | Thomas Howland | ||
| 1592–1597 | Thomas Hacke | ||
| 1597–1601 | John Wingfield | ||
| 1597–1601 | Sir Richard Cecil of Wakerley | ||
| 1601–1603 | Nicholas Tufton | ||
| 1601–1603 | Goddard Pemberton | ||
| 1603–1614 | Sir Richard Cecil of Wakerley | ||
| 1603–1620 | Edward Wymarke | ||
| 1614–1620 | Sir William Walter | ||
| 1620–1623 | Mildmay Fane (later 2nd Earl of Westmorland)[20] | ||
| 1620–1623 | Walter Fitzwilliam | ||
| 1623–1624 | Sir Francis Fane KB (later 1st Earl of Westmorland)[21] | ||
| 1623–1640 | Laurance Whitacre | ||
| 1624–1625 | Sir Christopher Hatton KG | ||
| 1625–1640 | Mildmay Fane, Lord Burghersh (later 2nd Earl of Westmorland) | ||
| The Short Parliament (April–May 1640) | |||
| 1640 | David Cecil, Lord Burghley (later 3rd Earl of Exeter) | ||
| 1640–1654 | William Fitzwilliam, 2nd Baron Fitzwilliam of Liffer, alias Lifford | ||
| The Long Parliament (1640–1649) | |||
| 1640–1654 | Sir Robert Napier, 2nd Baronet of Luton Hoo | ||
| The Rump Parliament (1648–1653) | |||
| 1654–1658 | Sir Humphrey Orme | ||
| The Barebone's Parliament (1653) | |||
| 1658–1660 | Francis St. John | ||
| 1658–1660 | Colonel Alexander Blake | ||
| The First (1654–1655), Second (1656–1658) and Third (1659) Protectorate Parliaments | |||
| 1660–1661 | Charles Fane, Lord le Despencer (later 3rd Earl of Westmorland) | ||
| 1660–1671 died | Sir Humphrey Orme | ||
| The Rump Parliament recalled (1659) and the Long Parliament restored (1660) | |||
| 1661 | Edward Palmer | Whig | |
| 1661–1679 | William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Baron Fitzwilliam of Lifford (later 1st Earl Fitzwilliam of the County of Tyrone)[22] | Whig | |
| 1671–1679 | Sir Vere Fane KB (later 4th Earl of Westmorland) | Whig | |
| 1679–1685 | Francis St. John | Whig | |
| 1679–1681 | Charles Orme | Whig | |
| 1681–1685 | William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Baron Fitzwilliam of Lifford (later 1st Earl Fitzwilliam of the County of Tyrone) | Whig | |
| 1685–1689 | Charles Fitzwilliam | Whig | |
| 1685–1688 | Charles Orme | Whig | |
| 1688–1698 | Gilbert Dolben[23] | Whig | |
| 1689–1698 | Sir William Brownlow, 4th Baronet of Humby | Whig | |
| 1698–1710 | Sidney Wortley-Montagu | Whig | |
| 1698–1701 | Francis St. John | Whig | |
| 1701–1710 | Sir Gilbert Dolben, 1st Baronet of Finedon | Whig | |
| The Parliament of Great Britain | |||
| 1710–1729 | John Fitzwilliam, Viscount Miltown (later 2nd Earl Fitzwilliam) | Whig | |
| 1710–1722 | Charles Parker | Whig | |
| 1722–1727 | Sidney Wortley-Montagu | Whig | |
| 1727 (1) | Sir Edward O'Bryan | Tory | |
| 1727–1729 | Sidney Wortley-Montagu | Whig | |
| 1729–1734 | Joseph Banks | Whig | |
| 1729–1733 | Charles Gounter-Nicoll | Whig | |
| 1733–1741 | Armstead Parker | Whig | |
| 1734–1761 | Edward Wortley-Montagu | Whig | |
| 1741–1742 | William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam of the County of Tyrone (later 1st Baron Fitzwilliam of Milton, then 1st Earl Fitzwilliam of Norborough) | Whig | |
| 1742–1747 | Armstead Parker | Whig | |
| 1747–1768 | Sir Matthew Lamb, 1st Baronet of Brocket[24] | Whig | |
| 1761–1768 | Armstead Parker | Whig | |
| 1768–1780 | Matthew Wyldbore | Whig | |
| 1768–1774 | Henry Belasyse, Viscount Belasyse (later 2nd Earl Fauconberg) | Whig | |
| 1774–1796 died | Richard Benyon (the younger) | Whig | |
| 1780–1786 | James Farrel Phipps | Whig | |
| 1786–1802 | The Hon. Lionel Damer | Whig | |
| 1796–1809 died | Dr. French Laurence DCL[25] | Whig | |
| The Parliament of the United Kingdom | |||
| 1802–1819 died | William Elliot, Chief Sec. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1806–1807 | Whig | |
| 1809–1812 | Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock KG (later 7th Duke of Bedford) | Whig | |
| 1812–1816 | George Ponsonby[26] | Whig | |
| 1816–1819 | The Hon. William Lamb FRS (later 2nd Viscount Melbourne), Home Secretary 1830–1834 and Prime Minister 1834, 1835–1841[27] | Whig | |
| 1819–1830 | Sir James Yorke Scarlett (later 1st Baron Abinger), Attorney-General 1827–1828, 1829–1830[28] | Whig | |
| 1819–1847 | Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet of Newark[29] | Whig | |
| 1830–1833 | Charles William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, Viscount Milton (later 5th Earl Fitzwilliam)[30] | Whig | |
| 1833–1841 | John Nicholas Fazakerley | Whig | |
| 1841–1859 | The Hon. George Wentworth-Fitzwilliam | Whig | |
| 1847–1852 | The Hon. William George Cavendish (later 2nd Baron Chesham) | Whig | |
| 1852 died | The Hon. Richard Watson | Whig | |
| 1852–1853 | George Hammond Whalley[31] Unseated on Petition | Whig | |
| 1853–1868 | Thomson Hankey[32] | Whig | |
| 1859–1878 died | George Hammond Whalley | Whig / Liberal | |
| 1868–1874 | William Wells[33] | Liberal | |
| 1874–1878 | Thomson Hankey | Liberal | |
| 1878–1889 | The Hon. William John Wentworth-FitzWilliam | Liberal | |
| 1880–1883 | George Hampden Whalley | Liberal | |
| 1883–1885 | Sir Sydney Charles Buxton GCMG (later 1st Earl Buxton of Newtimber)[34] | Liberal | |
| 1889–1895 | Sir Alpheus Cleophas Morton | Liberal Unionist | |
| 1895–1906 | Sir Robert Purvis | Liberal Unionist / Conservative | |
| 1906–1918 | Sir Granville George Greenwood[35] | Liberal | |
| 1918–1929 | Major Sir Henry Leonard Campbell Brassey, 1st Baronet (later 1st Baron Brassey) of Apethorpe Sitting member for North Northants. from 1910 | Conservative and Unionist | |
| 1929–1931 | James Francis Horrabin[36] | Labour | |
| 1931–1943 | David George Brownlow Cecil, Lord Burghley KCMG (later 6th Marquess of Exeter)[37] | Conservative and Unionist | |
| 1943–1945 | John Michael Henry Hely-Hutchinson, Viscount Suirdale (later 7th Earl of Donoughmore) | Conservative and Unionist | |
| 1945–1950 | Stanley Tiffany | Labour Co-operative | |
| 1950–1974 | Sir Harmar Nicholls JP, 1st Baronet of Darlaston (later Lord Harmar-Nicholls) | Conservative and Unionist | |
| 1974–1979 | Michael John Ward | Labour | |
| 1979–1997 | Dr. Sir Brian Stanley Mawhinney PhD (later Lord Mawhinney) | Conservative and Unionist | |
| 1997–2005 | Helen Rosemary Brinton (later Mrs. Clark) | Labour | |
| 2005–date | Stewart James Jackson | Conservative and Unionist | |
(1) Charles Parker was a Peterborough man who, in 1728, was High Sheriff of Northamptonshire and at that time not pro-Fitzwilliam. His action at the election of that year led to a case before the Bar of the House of Commons to settle a controversy over the powers of the Bailiffs of the City and of the Soke as returning officer at the election. Parker, as Sheriff, sent the election writ to Robert Smith, the Bailiff of the Liberty who returned Earl Fitzwilliam (at that time in the Peerage of Ireland only) and an unknown nominee of the Earl of Exeter. James Pix, the Bailiff of the City, contested the return and won, so the sitting members were declared elected.[38]
[edit] Election results
| General Election 2005: Declared 06 May at 01:29 GMT[39] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Conservative | Stewart Jackson | 17,354 | 42.1 | +4.1 | |
| Labour | Helen Clark | 14,624 | 35.5 | -9.6 | |
| Liberal Democrat | Nick Sandford | 6,876 | 16.7 | +2.2 | |
| UK Independence | Mary Herdman | 1,242 | 3.0 | +0.6 | |
| National Front | Terry Blackham | 931 | 2.3 | +2.3 | |
| Motorcycle News | Marc Potter | 167 | 0.4 | N/A | |
| Majority | 2,730 | 6.6 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 41,194 | 61.0 | -0.4 | ||
| Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | +7.0 | |||
| General Election 2001: Declared 08 June at 04:29 GMT[40] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Labour | Helen Brinton | 17,975 | 45.1 | -5.2 | |
| Conservative | Stewart Jackson | 15,121 | 38.0 | +2.8 | |
| Liberal Democrat | Nick Sandford | 5,761 | 14.5 | +3.8 | |
| UK Independence | Julian Fairweather | 955 | 2.4 | +1.7 | |
| Majority | 2,854 | 7.1 | -8.0 | ||
| Turnout | 39,812 | 61.4 | -11.4 | ||
| Labour hold | Swing | -4.0 | |||
| General Election 1997: Declared 02 May at 04:58 GMT[41] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Labour | Helen Brinton | 24,365 | 50.3 | +10.1 | |
| Conservative | Jacqueline Foster | 17,042 | 35.2 | -13.1 | |
| Liberal Democrat | David Howarth | 5,170 | 10.7 | +2.8 | |
| Natural Law | Charles Brettell | 334 | 0.7 | +0.4 | |
| UK Independence | John Linskey | 317 | 0.7 | N/A | |
| ProLife Alliance | Stephen Goldspink | 275 | 0.6 | N/A | |
| Majority | 7,323 | 15.1 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 48,427 | 72.8 | -2.3 | ||
| Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | +13.4 | |||
| General Election 1992: Declared 09 April at 00:00 GMT[42] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Conservative | Dr. Brian Mawhinney | 31,827 | 48.3 | ||
| Labour | Julie Owens | 26,451 | 40.2 | ||
| Liberal Democrat | Amanda Taylor | 5,208 | 7.9 | ||
| Referendum Party | Philip Slater | 924 | 1.9 | ||
| Liberal | Erbie Murat | 1,557 | 2.4 | ||
| British National Party | R. Heaton | 311 | 0.5 | ||
| People's Party | Pamela Beasley | 271 | 0.4 | ||
| Natural Law | Charles Brettell | 215 | 0.3 | ||
| Majority | 5,376 | 8.1 | |||
| Turnout | 65,840 | 75.1 | |||
| Conservative hold | Swing | ||||
[edit] References
- ^ ELECTION 2005: Jackson says he's ready to fight Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 07 May 2005
- ^ Ousted MP defects to the Tories BBC News, 08 May 2005 17:35 BST
- ^ POLITICS: 'A slap in the face' Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 09 May 2005
- ^ Moss, Stephen Thrown out of the house The Guardian, 01 June 2005
- ^ Youngs, Frederic A. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England Volume II: Northern England (Part III: Parliamentary Constituencies) Royal Historical Society, London, 1991
- ^ Clegg QC, William Final Recommendations for Parliamentary Constituencies in the Counties of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Boundary Commission for England, 19 January 2005
- ^ Clegg QC, William General Review of Parliamentary Constituency boundaries in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Assistant Commissioner's report to the Chairman and Members of the Boundary Commission for England, 18 March 2004
- ^ Knight, Charles Peterborough in 1840 Old Towns of England Originally published in The Penny Magazine by The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
- ^ Forrester, E.G. Northamptonshire County Elections and Electioneering 1695–1832 Oxford University Press, 1941
- ^ Pelling, Henry Mathison A Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 (pp.96-97 & 106-124) Macmillan, London, 1967
- ^ 2001 Census Area Statistics Office for National Statistics, April 2001
- ^ Wentworth-Fitzwilliam family of Milton Peterborough City Council (retrieved 22 September 2007)
- ^ Tebbs, Herbert F. Peterborough: A History (pp.192-194) The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979. See also Bromund, Ted A Complete Fool's Paradise: The Attack on the Fitzwilliam Interest in Peterborough 1852 Parliamentary History, vol.12 no.1 (pp.47-67) Edinburgh University Press, 1993 and Howarth, Janet The Liberal Revival in Northamptonshire 1880–1895: A Case Study in Late Nineteenth Century Elections The Historical Journal, vol.12 no.1 (pp.78-118) Cambridge University Press, 1969
- ^ Craig, Frederick Walter Scott British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1970 (4 vols.) Macmillan, London, 1971–1977. See also The History of Parliament The House of Commons: 1509–1558 (3 vols.) Bindoff, S.T. (ed.), 1558–1603 (3 vols.) Hasler, P.W. (ed.), 1660–1690 (3 vols.) Henning, Basil Duke (ed.), 1715–1754 (2 vols.) Sedgwick, Romney (ed.), 1754–1790 (2 vols.) Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein and Brooke, John (eds.), 1790–1820 (5 vols.) Thorne, R.G. (ed.) Secker and Warburg (reissued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office) for the History of Parliament Trust, London, 1964–1986 and Stenton, Michael and Lees, Stephen (eds.) Who's Who of British Members of Parliament 1832–1979: a biographical dictionary of the House of Commons based on annual volumes of Dod's Parliamentary Companion and other sources (4 vols.) Harvester Press, Hassocks, 1976–1981
- ^ Carter, P. R. N. Carew, Sir Wymond (1498–1549) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61138, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Airs, Malcolm Pallady, Richard (b. 1515/16, d. in or before 1563) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21163, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Ford, L. L. Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21–1589) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18696, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Riordan, Michael Henry VIII, privy chamber of (act. 1509–1547) Sir William Fitzwilliam (c.1506–1559) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70829, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Lyons, Mary Ann Fitzwilliam, Sir William (1526–1599) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9664, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Wright, Stephen Fane, Mildmay, second earl of Westmorland (1602–1666) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9139, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Mercer, Malcolm Fane, Sir Thomas (d. 1589) Francis Fane, first earl of Westmorland (1583/4–1629) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9130, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Hainsworth, D. R. Fitzwilliam, William, first Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Ireland (1643–1719) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67100, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Rigg, J. M. Dolben, Sir Gilbert, first baronet (1658/9–1722) (rev. D. W. Hayton) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7774, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Turner, Roger Lamb, Sir Matthew, first baronet (1705?–1768) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15919, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Lambert, Elizabeth R. Laurence, French (1757–1809) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16126, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Kelly, James Ponsonby, George (1755–1817) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22495, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Mandler, Peter Lamb, William, second Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15920, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Barker, G. F. R. Scarlett, James, first Baron Abinger (1769–1844) (rev. Elisabeth A. Cawthon) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24783, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Courtney, W. P. Heron, Sir Robert, second baronet (1765–1854) (rev. H. C. G. Matthew) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13091, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Smith, G. B. Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth, third Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Great Britain and fifth Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Ireland (1786–1857) (rev. H. C. G. Matthew) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9653, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Wallis, Frank H. Whalley, George Hammond (1813–1878) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29158, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Courtney, W. P. Hankey, Thomson (1805–1893) (rev. A. C. Howe) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12197, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Clarke, Ernest Wells, William (1818–1889) (rev. John Martin) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29019, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Waley, Daniel Buxton, Sydney Charles, Earl Buxton (1853–1934) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32224, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Ryder, Richard D. Greenwood, Sir Granville George (1850–1928) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41162, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Cole, Margaret Horrabin, James Francis (1884–1962) (rev. Amanda L. Capern) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33995, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ McWhirter, Norris Cecil, David George Brownlow, sixth marquess of Exeter (1905–1981) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30910, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Tebbs, op. cit. (p.95)
- ^ Election 2005 BBC News, 06 May 2005 02:29 BST
- ^ Vote 2001 BBC News (retrieved 01 July 2007)
- ^ Election 97 BBC News (retrieved 01 July 2007)
- ^ Ask Aristotle The Guardian Unlimited (retrieved 01 July 2007)
[edit] See also
- List of Parliamentary constituencies in Cambridgeshire
- North West Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency) 1997–date
- North Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency) 1832–1919
[edit] External links
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