New Britain campaign

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New Britain campaign Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II New Britain. Rabaul is at the north-east extremity of the island. Date December 15, 1943–August 21, 1945 Location New Britain, Territory of New Guinea Result Allied victory Belligerents  United States  Australia Territory of New Guinea  New Zealand  Empire of Japan Commanders J. W. Cunningham William H. Rupertus Rapp Brush A.H. Ramsay H.C.H. Robertson Hitoshi Imamura Strength < 20,000 > 100,000

New Britain campaign Arawe – Cape Gloucester – Wide Bay – Open Bay

v • d • e New Guinea campaign Rabaul (land battle) – Rabaul (1942 air raids) – Mo – Coral Sea – Kokoda Track – Milne Bay – Buna-Gona – Wau – Bismarck Sea – Salamaua-Lae – Cartwheel – Wewak raid – Finisterres – Huon Peninsula – Bougainville – Rabaul (1943 air raids) – New Britain – Admiralties – Western New Guinea

The New Britain Campaign was a World War II campaign by the Allies, between December 1943 and the end of the war in August 1945, to contain Japanese forces concentrated in Rabaul, the capital of New Britain and the major Japanese base for the New Guinea and Solomons campaigns.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Forces 3 Gallery 4 Battles 5 External links

[edit] Geography

New Britain is a crescent-shaped island north east of the mainland of New Guinea, approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) along its south-eastern coast line, and from 30 to 110 km (20–70 mi) wide, not including a small central peninsula. The island has an area of 37,800 square kilometre (14,600 mile²).

[edit] Forces

There were more than 100,000 Japanese military and civilian personnel on New Britain and a smaller nearby island, New Ireland.^[1] These were centred on the headquarters of the Eighth Area Army: the 17th Division (11,429 personnel at the end of the war); the 38th Division (13,108); the 39th Brigade (5,073); the 65th Brigade (2,729); the 14th Regiment (2,444); the 34th Regiment (1,879) and the 35th Regiment (1,967). By the end of the war, these Japanese forces were restricted to Rabaul and the surrounding Gazelle Peninsula.

United States, Australian and New Guinean forces, assisted by local civilians, were always a division-level command or smaller: the U.S. "Director" Task Force (effectively a regimental combat team) and the 1st Marine Division handed over to the 40th Infantry Division, which in turn handed over to the Australian 5th Division.

[edit] Gallery

December 26, 1943. US Marines landing at Cape Gloucester, New Britain.

U.S. and Japanese movements in western New Britain during late 1943 and early 1944.

New Britain. April 4, 1945. Australian soldiers, Pte Leon Ravet (left), and Pte Bernard Kentwell, on patrol. Both men are carrying Owen sub-machine guns. (Photographer: Reg J. Edwards.)

[edit] Battles

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The main battles of the campaign were:

• Battle of Arawe
• Battle of Cape Gloucester
• Battle of Wide Bay
• Battle of Open Bay

The initial landings at Cape Gloucester were part of Operation Cartwheel. The main objective of the operation was the isolation of Rabaul. Part of this plan called for the Allies to secure beachheads on New Britain, within which air bases could be constructed.

[edit] External links

• Miller, John, Jr. (1959). CARTWHEEL: The Reduction of Rabaul (English). United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific 418. Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. Retrieved on Oct 20, 2006.
• The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan August 1942 to July 1944 (Army Air Forces in World War II)
• The Final Campaigns (Australian Army)
• Air War Against Japan, 1943–1945 (RAAF)
• Hough, Frank O., and John A. Crown (1952). The Campaign on New Britain. USMC Historical Monograph. Historical Division, Division of Public Information, Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps. Retrieved on 2006-12-04.
• Shaw, Henry I.; Douglas T. Kane (1963). Volume II: Isolation of Rabaul. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Retrieved on 2006-10-18.