Neo-Manueline
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The Neo-Manueline was a revival architecture and decorative arts style developed in Portugal between the middle of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX Century. The style adopted the characteristics of the Manueline (or Portuguese Final Gothic) of the XVI century. In the sequence of the Gothic Revival architecture fashion that spread for all over Europe since the middle of the XVIII century, the Portuguese Final Gothic was considered caracteristical more national. The art historiography was, then, giving its first steps and the term "Manuelino" (Manueline) was introduced in 1842 by the brazilian art historian Francisco Adolph de Varnhagen to designate the main style of the artistic production of the reign of Manuel I of Portugal (1495-1521).
The Neo-Manueline started with the construction of the Pena Palace in Sintra by Ferdinand I, king-consorte of Portugal, between 1839 and 1849. From the 1860s a restoration campaign of the Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon in which the Manueline monastery gained a new tower and annexes built in Neo-Manueline style.
Other important Neo-Manueline buildings, in Portugal, are Rossio Railway Sation, Lisbon (1886-1890), Palace Hotel of Bussaco (1888-1907), Sintra Town Hall (1906-1909), Counts of Castro Guimarães Palace, Cascais (1900) and Quinta da Regaleira, Sintra (1904-1910). The Neo-Manueline was also used in smaller buildings like private houses
Brazil also has important Neo-Manueline buildings, generally built by members of the Portuguese colony. Major examples are the Real Gabinete Portuguez de Leitura (Royal Portuguese Library), Rio de Janeiro (1880-1887), the Portuguese Center, Santos (1898-1901), the Portuguese Library, Bahia (1915-1918) and the Portuguese Literary Liceum, Rio de Janeiro (1938).
Other examples of Neo-Manueline buildings can also be found in African and Asian territories of the former Portuguese Colonial Empire.
There are also some examples of Neo-Manueline style in countries that were not directly related with the Portuguese culture. A fine example is Morozov Palace (1894-1898) in Moscow, Russia.
