Mr. Freeze
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Mr. Freeze | |
 Mr. Freeze and Batman Art by Greg Land |
|
| Publication information | |
|---|---|
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| First appearance | Batman #121 (Feb. 1959) |
| Created by | Bob Kane |
| In story information | |
| Alter ego | Victor Fries |
| Team affiliations | Injustice League Secret Society of Super Villains |
| Notable aliases | Mister Zero, Doctor Zero, Doctor Schimmell |
| Abilities | - Genius-level intelligence - Expert in cryogenics - Wields a Freeze Gun and wears a suit that keeps his body temperature below freezing and enhances his strength. |
Mr. Freeze, real name Dr. Victor Fries (pronounced as Victor "Frees" or "Freeze"), is a DC Comics supervillain, an enemy of Batman. Created by Bob Kane, he first appeared in Batman #121 (February 1959).[1]
He was first introduced as Mr. Zero, later to Mr. Freeze. The gimmick for Mr. Freeze was portrayed as a cold and ice-themed crimes were his specialty. For his character, Freeze wears a special armor suit to keep his body at a cold temperature to survive. In the 1966 Batman television series, he was portrayed by three actors, George Sanders, Otto Preminger and Eli Wallach. In the 1992 animated series, Batman: The Animated Series, he was introduced in the "Heart of Ice" episode, which explains Freeze's back story, as a brilliant scientist known as Dr. Victor Fries, who is experienced in cryogenics, which allows him to preserve his ill wife, Nora Fries. Though, his efforts in saving his wife lead to an explosion involving his cryogenic formula, which leads to the transformation to Mr. Freeze. Soon after, he seeks revenge against his former employer, Ferris Boyle, who had kicked Fries into a table full of cryogenics and left Fries for dead. The transformation into Freeze has led him to plot crimes with ice and cold themes. Following the cryogenic accident, his body temperature has been permanently lowered and he requires an ice suit to survive.
In the 1997 film, Batman and Robin, he was portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger. Freeze has been portrayed in television series as The New Batman Adventures and The Batman by actors Michael Ansara and Clancy Brown.
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[edit] Overview
Originally called Mr. Zero,[1] he was renamed and popularized by the 1960s Batman television series, in which he was played by several actors.[2][3][4] Over two decades later, a television adaptation of Batman revitalized him once again. Batman: The Animated Series, retold Mr. Freeze’s origin, introducing his terminally ill, cryogenically frozen wife, which greater explained his obsession with ice and need to build a criminal empire to raise research funds.[5]
Elements of this back story were incorporated into the 1997 film Batman & Robin, in which he was portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger.[1][6]
[edit] Fictional character biography
From the time of his first appearance in 1959 onward, Mr. Freeze was portrayed as one of many "joke" villains (see also Killer Moth, The Mad Hatter) cast as stock enemies of Batman.[1] Originally called Mr. Zero,[1] the producers of the 1960s Batman television series renamed him Mr. Freeze (and portrayed Batman addressing him as "Dr. Schivel"),[1] and the name quickly carried over to the comic books.
Nearly 30 years later, Mr. Freeze would owe even more to television. In the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Heart of Ice", he was made into a more complex, tragic character.[5] This version of Mr. Freeze was enthusiastically accepted by fans, and has become the standard portrayal for the character in most forms of media, including the comic book series itself, which previously had the character casually killed by the Joker. Freeze was hastily resurrected in the comic after the episode aired.[1]
[edit] Modern Age
In the Pre-Crisis continuity series, it is explained that Mr. Freeze is a rogue scientist whose design for an "ice gun" backfires when he inadvertently spills cryogenic chemicals on himself, resulting in his needing sub-zero temperatures to survive.[1] As a child, he is fascinated by freezing animals. His parents, horrified by his "hobby", send him to a strict boarding school, where he is miserable, feeling detached from humanity. In college, he meets a woman named Nora, whom he falls in love with and ultimately marries.[1]
Nora later falls terminally ill. Fries takes on a job working for a large company run by the ruthless Ferris Boyle. Fries discovers a way to put Nora into cryo-stasis (using company equipment without permission), and places her in that state hoping to sustain her until a cure could be found. Boyle finds out about the experiment and attempts to have her brought out of stasis, overruling Fries' frantic objections. A struggle ensues, in which Boyle kicks Fries into a table full of chemicals and leaves him for dead. Fries survives, but his body temperature is lowered dramatically; he can now only live at sub-zero temperatures, forced to wear a special refrigerating suit to stay alive. As Mr. Freeze, he uses cryonic technology to create a gun, which fires a beam that freezes any target within its range.[1][7]
His first act as a costumed criminal is to take revenge upon Boyle, a plan with which Batman interferes.[1][5] Mr. Freeze fires his freeze-gun at Batman, but he dodges, causing the beam to shatter Nora's capsule. Freeze blames Batman, and swears to destroy whatever the Dark Knight holds dear (mainly Gotham City, and eventually Robin).[1]
Freeze's crimes tend to involve freezing everyone and everything he runs into.[1] In addition, he hardly ever forges alliances with the other criminals in Gotham, preferring to work alone, although he has worked as a hired enforcer/hitman for the Black Mask.[8]
In "Villains United" #1, Freeze has frozen everyone inside a Gotham City courtroom. While using a frozen man as a chair, he talks with the Calculator on speakerphone, who convinces him to join the Secret Society of Super Villains. During his time with the group, he fashions for Nyssa al Ghul a sub-zero machine in exchange for the use of her own Lazarus Pit. He attempts to restore Nora to life without waiting for the adjusting needed in the pool chemicals. However, she returns to life as the twisted Lazara, and escapes. She blames her husband for her plight, and estranges herself from him.[9]
He is usually imprisoned in Arkham Asylum when apprehended by Batman, as it is the only facility in Gotham that can accommodate his medical requirements for a refrigerated cell.[10]
Most recently, he has been seen among the new Injustice League and is one of the villains featured in Salvation Run.[11]
In Planetary: Night On Earth, Elijah Snow, fourth man of Planetary, jokingly refers to himself as Mr. Freeze when facing Frank Miller's version of the Batman. Batman himself doesn't exist on Planetary's iteration of Earth, though Dick Grayson and the Joker do.[12] Snow simply freezes part of Batman's brain, equivalent to a bad ice cream headache, momentarily incapacitating him.[12]
[edit] Powers and abilities
Like most Batman villains, Mr. Freeze plans his crimes about a specific theme; in his case, ice and cold.[1] In darker incarnations of the Batman mythos, Mr. Freeze's obsession with ice stems from personal tragedy, and his crimes are inspired by his desire to make the rest of the world as miserable as he is.[13] He freezes areas around him using special weapons and equipment. His refrigeration suit grants him superhuman strength and durability, making him a powerful villain in Batman's rogues gallery.[1] He has even shown to be a formidable opponent for Superman.[14] Some interpretations suggest that because Fries has been soaked in the serum he intended to use for cryo-preservation, his age progression has slowed drastically.[5]
In the Underworld Unleashed storyline, the demon Neron grants Mr. Freeze the ability to generate sub-zero temperatures, no longer needing his freeze-gun or refrigeration suit. However, after his encounter with Green Lantern, Donna Troy, and Purgatory on Central Park, reverted back to his original subzero biology. He then gained a new subzero armor and weaponry.[15]
[edit] Animated abilities
According to Batman: The Animated Series, Freeze understands how to reproduce his powers.[16] Upon being offered enough money to bankroll large scale research into Nora's condition, Freeze turns the wealthy, terminally ill Grant Walker into another "Mr. Freeze"-like being (on the theory that the "Mr. Freeze condition" would arrest the disease). However, Walker reveals that he wants to use his new abilities to turn the world into a frozen wasteland, leaving him and a few chosen followers to live eternally in Oceana, his underwater "World of Tomorrow". Freeze imprisons him in a block of ice as Oceana collapses around him. For two years, Walker remains in the iceberg, driving him insane.[17] Although he does not reappear in the animated series, the "second Mr. Freeze" reappeared in the comic book Batman: Gotham Adventures (based on the cartoon of the same name). In his last appearance, he breaks into the Wayne Foundation and kidnaps all of the scientists working to cure the original Mr. Freeze. With Batman out of action due to a concussion, Batgirl, Nightwing, and Robin save the scientists, with the help of Mr. Freeze. Walker is eventually caught after a short fight with Freeze, and then sent to Arkham.[13]
In The Batman, Freeze has the ability to generate ice and cold with his hands.[18]
[edit] In other media
[edit] 1960s TV Series
In the 1960s Batman television series, Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach.[2][3][4] In his first appearance, Instant Freeze, it is revealed that it was Batman who spilled the cryogenic chemicals on him during an attempted arrest. Batman thus feels a certain amount of guilt for his condition.[19] Mister Freeze was also given a different name: Dr. Schivel.[1]
[edit] The New Adventures of Batman
Mr. Freeze appears in one episode of Filmation's 1977 animated series The New Adventures of Batman, in which he is voiced by Lennie Weinrib.[20]
[edit] DC animated universe
[edit] Batman: The Animated Series
Mr. Freeze was a significant villain in Batman: The Animated Series, as noted above, but is portrayed as a sympathetic villain. He is voiced by Michael Ansara in the series and its spin-offs.[21]
Freeze was introduced in the episode "Heart of Ice", which won an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program. Freeze leads a band of henchmen and makes several raids on the company Gothcorp, stealing the parts for a freezing machine he wishes to build and use in his battle against the company. This leads to his first confrontation with Batman, whom he defeats easily and traps in a block of ice. Later on, before another attack on Gothcorp after the machine is complete, Freeze catches Batman in the security room, watching an archive video showing just how Freeze became who he now is: whilst working for Gothcorp, Victor Fries had been using illegal funding for an experiment to save his dying wife, Nora, from a disease, cryogenically freezing her to preserve her until a cure could be found, but at the last moment, the ruthless and greedy Gothcorp CEO, Ferris Boyle, had broken into the lab with guards and kicked Fries into the cold substances in an attempt to kill him and Nora (and save the company money), but Fries had survived, severely mutated by the substances and transformed into Mr. Freeze, explaining his vendetta towards Boyle and Gothcorp. Freeze traps Batman and leaves him in his hideout, confronting Boyle at the Gothcorp Humanitarian Party and freezing him up to the waist. Batman, however, escapes confronts Freeze at the party, fighting him one-on-one until he manages to break Freeze's helmet with a flask of chicken soup (to induce thermal shock). Freeze is defeated, and taken to Arkham along with Boyle, as Batman presented evidence of Boyle's crimes to the press.[5]
Freeze later appears in Deep Freeze, where he is sprung out of prison (against his will) and taken to an off-shore city named Oceana by an android owned by theme-park builder Grant Walker, who is fascinated with Freeze and needs his technology to condition his body to become like Freeze's, for his maniacal plan of a Global Deep Freeze to start humanity over (which he believes is deteriorating to the point of eventual extinction) from his selected residents of Oceana. Freeze, at first, refuses to help Walker, but when Walker shows Freeze his wife, alive but still cryogenically frozen and still capable of being revived by Walker's technology, Freeze accepts, despite the protests of Batman and Robin, who tell him that if Freeze helps Walker freeze Gotham, he will not be happily reunited with Nora as expected (Nora would hate Freeze for his hand in Walker's plan). Freeze finally sees the truth, and helps Batman and Robin stop Walker at the last minute. Freeze battles Walker, who has been placed in a cryo-suit identical to Freeze's, and Freeze wins by pinning Walker to a wall with his gun. Freeze then proceeds to overload Oceana's power-core, blowing the city to smithereens and warning the inhabitants to flee for their lives. Instead of leaving with Batman and Robin, Freeze opts to stay behind and die with his wife, and freezes Robin to stop Batman from following him. Freeze, Nora and Walker disappear in the explosion, but as the episode's end reveals, they all survive, temporarily trapped in icebergs.[17]
[edit] Batman and Mr. Freeze: SubZero
In the direct-to-video film Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, Freeze has found a home in the Arctic and somewhat started a family with his adopted son, Kunac, his frozen wife, Nora, and his two pet polar bears, Notchka and Chokka. Nora's condition begins to rapidly deteriorate due to an accident (a submarine emerged from underwater directly underneath them, shattering their footing and knocking Nora's chamber), so Freeze enlists the help of Dr. Gregory Belson to find a cure. Belson determines that Nora needs an organ transplant, and due to her rare blood type there are not many suitable donors. Freeze declares that they will use a live donor. Belson is at first reluctant to kill an innocent girl, but Freeze bribes him with a gold nugget and even more gold from the Arctic that will put an end to Belson's financial problems. Barbara Gordon (a.k.a. Batgirl) is a perfect match, and Freeze learns from her flatmate that she is at a restaurant with her "boyfriend", Dick Grayson (Robin). Freeze attacks the restaurant and kidnaps Barbara (after fighting a persistent Dick), taking her to an abandoned oil rig where he and Belson are hiding. Freeze and Belson explain the situation to Barbara, who claims that she is willing to help Nora for the "blood transfusion", but not at the oil rig, prompting Freeze to chain Barbara in her room. The time for the operation comes, but Barbara escapes. Belson gives pursuit and almost catches her, but for the arrival of Batman and Robin. Freeze follows, and in the ensuing confrontation, Belson accidentally shoots one of the fuel tanks and starts a rapidly-spreading fire as Freeze traps Batman and Robin in a crane. Freeze insists that Belson perform the operation, despite the oil rig collapsing and ready to explode, but Belson betrays Freeze and attempts to escape alone, dying in the process (killed by the falling base). Freeze's leg is broken after a pile of rubble falls on him, and thus he decides to help Batman and Robin save him and Barbara as long as they find Nora and Kunac first. Nora, Kunac and Barbara are taken to safety in the Batwing (Freeze wished for them to be rescued first for Batman to come back for him), but Batman fails to save the weakened Freeze in time, due to a pipe falling on them and sending Freeze plummeting into the ocean below. The oil rig finally explodes, but Freeze escapes just in time and swims back to shore with Notchka and Chokka. Freeze then returns with his polar bears to the Arctic to resume his life alone, but sees on television (through the window of two men living there), much to his delight, that Nora has been revived after an organ transplant operation funded by Wayne Enterprises.[22]
[edit] The New Batman Adventures
In the New Batman Adventures, Mr. Freeze featured a new, sleeker and darker look. Mr. Freeze's revamp took a form that was very spider-like, featuring his head and four thin robotic legs. Director Dan Riba admitted that his change was because of his recurring loss that his wife had no more hope for recovery, incorporating this darker, colder personality.[23] His robotic form crawled into a suit and locked into it, which is shown in the image to the right.
In the episode "Cold Comfort", Mr. Freeze's wife, Nora, who has now fully recovered, having accepted that Freeze had likely been killed in the oil rig's collapse, has remarried the doctor assigned to her case and left Gotham permanently, leaving Freeze with nothing to live for. Furthermore, he learns that the serum that mutated his body is deteriorating it; although he has kidnapped many scientists to try and stop the process, they only succeed after the process has claimed all but his head. The trauma of this revelation transforms Freeze into a purely evil madman who is undeserving of sympathy, and he begins committing crimes in order to inflict the loss he's suffered on others by taking away the things they value most. At his hideout, Freeze is confronted by Batman and Batgirl, where he reveals his true condition to them and also his goal of taking away what Batman holds dear: all of Gotham, by dropping a Reverse Fusion Bomb that will freeze the city. Freeze boards the plane to drop the bomb, but Batman follows him, and they engage in one last duel in which Batman emerges the victor by using his grappling gun to hook Freeze to the bomb and drop it into the river, where they both disappear in an explosion that creates a huge iceberg. Freeze is presumed killed, but the episode's end reveals that Freeze's head is missing from his frozen armour,[13][24] and as revealed in Batman Beyond, Freeze escapes with his life.[25][26]
[edit] Batman: Gotham Adventures
Freeze has made numerous appearances in the comics set in the same universe. In Batman: Gotham Adventures issue #5 he was found shortly after the battle and back in action.[27] He has made further appearances in Batman Adventures. The comic's writers intended Batman Adventures #15 to be Mr. Freeze's final appearance. Though the issue's ending is ambiguous, it does set up for his eventual fate, as revealed in Batman Beyond.[28] Nora finally encounters Victor after her new husband is nearly killed (In truth, the man had created a robot in Freeze's image to attack him to prove to Nora that her first husband was a monster). The story ends with Mr. Freeze's head falling into a pond at the Arctic. Deleted material from the comic portrays Ferris Boyle and Grant Walker being killed by the Mr. Freeze robot. While the end of the story is left ambiguous, it was intended for Mr Freeze to be taken by Powers Technology and put in storage. The company's owner, Warren Powers (Father of Derek, one of Batman Beyond's chief villains) states that the secret to immortality is locked inside that head.[28]
[edit] Batman Beyond
In Batman Beyond, which is set 40 years in the future, Bruce Wayne still has one of Mr. Freeze's guns in the Batcave. His successor as Batman, Terry McGinnis, uses it to freeze Inque when she infiltrates the Batcave.
The episode "Meltdown" reveals that the disembodied head of Victor Fries survives the events of Cold Comfort; thanks to the cryogenics technology, he is now essentially immortal. Stephanie Lake, a doctor working for Derek Powers, uses Mr. Freeze as a test subject for a process she hoped would be able to cure Powers' condition. She creates a clone body for him and transfers Fries' essence into it. Given a normal life back, Fries tries to right some of the wrongs he committed as a criminal. However, the new body soon begins to revert to the same sub-zero biology as Fries' original body. The doctor and Powers betray Fries, hoping to learn more from an autopsy. He escapes, recovers an old suit of sub-zero armor, and becomes Mr. Freeze again. He seeks revenge by blowing up a Wayne-Powers complex (with Freeze, the doctor and Powers in it), but McGinnis foils the plan. Freeze redeems himself by saving Batman from Powers, now mutated into the supervillain Blight, but apparently dies when he refuses to escape the exploding complex with Batman.[25][26]
[edit] Justice League
Mr. Freeze made two appearances in Justice League Adventures comics. In the first, he claims that Captain Cold has stolen his freeze gun design, but in the second they are working together, alongside other cold-based villains.[29] He never appeared in the Justice League animated series, but his freeze gun is a primary weapon Batman uses against a Thanagarian attack in the Batcave, as seen in the episode "Starcrossed".[30]
[edit] Batman and Robin
In the film Batman & Robin, Mr. Freeze (played by Arnold Schwarzenegger) teams up with Poison Ivy in a scheme to freeze Gotham City solid. In this largely campy interpretation, the character spouts puns related to cold weather and temperatures (e.g., "You’re not sending me to the cooler!", "Allow me to break the ice", and most famously, "Ice to see you!" ). His tragic origin is the same, however.
Here, he teams up with Poison Ivy and her henchman, Bane, to battle Batman and Robin, after the Dynamic Duo thwart his attempts to steal large diamonds that he requires to properly operate his freezing technology. Unbeknownst to Freeze, Ivy unplugs his wife's life-support machine and blames Batman for it, encouraging him to freeze the world and subsequently repopulate it with Ivy's plants. Batman, Robin, and the new Batgirl foil Freeze's plan, reveal Ivy's betrayal, and give him a chance at redemption, Batman reminding him that anyone can take a life, but only a select few people- like Freeze prior to his accident- can actually give life. Freeze gives Batman a means of curing the disease that his faithful butler, Alfred Pennyworth, has recently been diagnosed with; the same disease was currently affecting his wife, but although her condition has advanced too far for Freeze to cure it, he has found a cure for Alfred's stage of the disease. Batman tells him that his wife is still alive and that she will be moved to Arkham Asylum's laboratory so that Freeze can continue working on a cure, and Freeze is essentially redeemed. After Ivy is incarcerated, Freeze visits her and tells her "Winter has come at last."
Schwarzenegger's performance as Freeze, however, was one of the factors that played a role in the film's financial and critical failure, and he has been criticized for what is now known as his "abominable interpretation of Victor Fries." In addition, Freeze's usual cold, nearly emotionless personality is replaced by a comical, cavorting pastiche of the character.[31][32]
[edit] The Batman
In The Batman, he is voiced by Clancy Brown.[8] Mr. Freeze is a simple criminal who is condemned to life in a cryogenic suit by an accident while being pursued by Batman after a jewelry heist. The criminal runs into a cryogenics lab and is knocked into one of the freeze chambers, electrocuting him as his body is frozen. The accident turns him into a quasi-undead being that generates extreme cold around him; he is forced to wear a special suit (developed by a cryogenicist he coerces into working for him) to prevent him from freezing everything he comes in contact with. Batman has a hard time beating him, reaching the point where the criminal nearly freezes him alive. Alfred saves the day by making a winter-themed bat-suit which the Caped Crusader uses to defeat Mr. Freeze.[18] In a later episode, Mr. Freeze teams up with Firefly to put Gotham in a permanent winter.[33] In "The Icy Depths", he competes against Penguin to claim an umbrella that is in fact a map to a sunken treasure.[34] In the episode "Artifacts", set in 2027, Freeze's powers increase to the point that he wears a special mech suit. However, he loses an unhealthy amount of weight and the use of his legs, and now uses mechanical spider legs. After a near-death escape, Freeze places himself in cryogenic suspension, until someone wakes him up 1,000 years in the future in 3027. Once his suit is repaired, Mr. Freeze resumes terrorizing Gotham. Eventually, law enforcement officers use the same methods saved for the future by Batman to defeat Freeze in case of his return, while confusing him with hologram projections.[35]
[edit] Dark Horse comic books
Mr. Freeze appeared in Batman vs. Predator 's third comic book, Blood Ties. His gang members were killed by the Predators. He was spared since he was not visible to the Predator because of his body temperature.[36]
In Batman / Aliens 2, Mr. Freeze is not actually seen, but his freeze gun is used to destroy aliens, and an alien cloned from Fries' DNA can be seen. Two-Face is somewhat surprised to see Batman using Freeze's gun, and responds to it, saying, "Does Freeze know you're playing with his popsicle gun?"[37]
[edit] Video game appearances
Mr. Freeze also appeared in several Batman video games. He was a boss in Batman: The Animated Series, The Adventures of Batman & Robin for the Sega Genesis (in which Freeze was the game's final boss), the video game adaptation of the movie Batman & Robin, Batman: Chaos in Gotham, Batman Vengeance and Batman: Dark Tomorrow (the only game to feature the comic book version of Mr. Freeze, as all other games use the animated or movie version).[38][39][40] Michael Ansara reprised his role as Mr. Freeze for Batman Vengeance.[41]
[edit] Merchandising
Mr. Freeze is also the name of two LIM roller coasters at two Six Flags parks (Six Flags St. Louis and Six Flags Over Texas).[42][43]
Danish Toymaker Lego's Batman line features one set, 7783-The Batcave: The Penguin and Mr. Freeze's Invasion, which includes a minifigure incarnation of the supervillain. This version most closely resembles Freeze's appearance in Batman: The Animated Series.[44]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p UGO's World pf Batman - Rogues Gallery: Mr. Freeze. UGO. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ a b Batmania UK: 1966 Batman: Villains: Mr. Freeze. Bat-Mania. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ a b Batmania UK: 1966 Batman: Villains: Mr. Freeze 2. Bat-Mania. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ a b Batmania UK: 1966 Batman: Villains: Mr. Freeze 3. Bat-Mania. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ a b c d e Heart of Ice. Toon Zone. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. “Mr. Freeze targets the industrialist responsible for his wife's death.”
- ^ A Tights Squeeze. EW. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
- ^ Goldstein, Hilary (2005-06-03). IGN: The Best & Worst Batman Villains. IGN. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ a b Burnett, Alan (2007-09-22). The Batman: The Batman/Superman Story (1) Recap. TV.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.
- ^ Simone, Gail (w), Eaglesham, Dale (p), Grawbadger, Wade Von (i). Villains United #1 (March 2005) DC Comics
- ^ Mr. Freeze. Batman The Animated Series. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
- ^ Secret Society of Super-Villains (03-2005+). Comic Book DB. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
- ^ a b Ellis, Warren (w), Cassaday, John (p), Cassaday, John (i). Planetary/Batman: Night On Earth #1 (August 2003) DC Comics (50)
- ^ a b c Cold Comfort. Toon Zone. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ Batman: No Man's Land Volume 3. DC Comics. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Waid, Mark, Peterson, Harry (w), Porter, Howard Jimenez, Phil and others (p,i). Underworld Unleashed #3 (November 1995 - January 1996) DC Comics. 1563894475
- ^ a b (2004). Batman: The Animated Series [DVD]. Warner Bros. Home Video.
- ^ a b Deep Freeze. Toon Zone. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ a b "The Big Chill". Seung Eun-Kim. The Batman. The WB. 2004-11-06. No. 5, season 1.
- ^ Batman (1966): Instant Freeze. TV.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ (2007). The New Adventures Of Batman [DVD]. Warner Bros. Home Video.
- ^ Batman: The Animated Series - Actors - Villains. Toon Zone. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ (1998). Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero [DVD]. Warner Bros..
- ^ (2005). Batman: The Animated Series Volume Four [DVD]. Warner Brother Home Video.
- ^ "Cold Comfort". Hilary J. Bader, Dan Riba, Shirley Walker, Koko Yang, Dong Yang. The New Batman Adventures. The WB. 1997-10-11. No. 3, season 1.
- ^ a b Meltdown. Toon Zone. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ a b "Meltdown". Hilary J. Bader, Alan Burnett, Butch Lukic, Lolita Ritmanis, Koko Yang, Dong Yang. Batman Beyond. The WB. 1999-02-13. No. 5, season 1.
- ^ Templeton, Ty (w), Burchett, Rick, Beatty, Terry (p,i). "Polar Opposites" Batman: Gotham Adventures #5 (October 1998) DC Comics
- ^ a b The World's Finest - Batman Adventures: #15. World's Finest. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ Sequeira, Chris (w), Ku, Min S., Propst, Mark (p,i). "Cold War" Justice League Adventures #12 (December 2002) DC Comics
- ^ "Starcrossed". Butch Lukic, Dan Riba, Rich Fogel, Dwayne McDuffie. Justice League. Cartoon Network. 2004-05-29. No. 50, 51, 52, season 2.
- ^ Swaim, Michael. The 7 Least-Faithful Book Movies. Cracked.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Maslin, Janet (1997-06-20). Batman and Robin. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-23. “In other words they're a lot smarter than, say, Mr. Freeze, whose deadliest weapon in the film is an arsenal of har-har puns. Like: "I'm afraid my condition has left me cold to your pleas!" And: "You are not sending me to the cooler!”
- ^ "Fire and Ice". Seung Eun-Kim, Michael Jelenic. The Batman. The WB. 2005-05-28. No. 21, season 2.
- ^ "The Icy Depths". Anthony Chun, Steven Melching. The Batman. The CW. 2006-05-06. No. 38, season 3.
- ^ "Artifacts". Brandon Vietti, Greg Weisman. The Batman. The CW. 2007-02-03. No. 46, season 4.
- ^ Gibbons, Dave (w), Kubert, Andy (p), Kubert, Andy (i). "Blood Ties" Batman vs. Predator #3 (February 1992) DC Comics, Dark Horse
- ^ Edginton, Ian (w), Johnson, Staz (p), Hodgkins, James (i). Batman/Aliens 2 #2 (2003) DC Comics, Dark Horse. 84-7904-703-8
- ^ Game Stop - Batman Vengeance. Game Stop. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
- ^ Game Stop - Batman: Dark Tomorrow. Game Stop. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
- ^ Casarnassina, Matt (2001-11-19). IGN: Batman Vengeance Review. IGN. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Batman Vengeance - MobyGames. Moby Games. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Mr. Freeze: Six Flags, St. Louis. Six Flags. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Mr. Freeze: Six Flags Over Texas. Six Flags. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Dare (2003). Batman - Mr. Freeze. Action Figure. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
[edit] External links
- Mr. Freeze UGO profile
- Mr. Freeze at the Grand Comic-Book Database
- Mr. Freeze at the Comic Book DB
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