Mauro Giuliani
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Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani (July 27, 1781 – May 8, 1829) was an Neapolitan guitarist and composer, and is considered by many to be one of the leading guitar virtuosos of the 19th century.
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[edit] Biography
Although born in Bisceglie, Giuliani's center of study was in Barletta where he moved with his brother Nicola in the first years of his life. His first instrumental training was on the cello—an instrument which he never completely abandoned—and he probably also studied the violin. Subsequently he devoted himself to the guitar, becoming a very skilled performer on it in a short time. The names of his teachers are unknown, and we cannot be sure of his exact movements in Italy.
He married Maria Giuseppe del Monaco, and they had a child, Michael, born in Barletta in 1801. After that he was probably in Bologna and Trieste for a brief stay; by the summer of 1806, fresh from his studies of counterpoint, cello and guitar in Italy, he had moved to Vienna without his family. Here he began a relationship with a certain Fräulein Willmuth, with whom he had a daughter, Maria, in 1807.
In Vienna he became acquainted with the classical instrumental style. In 1807 Giuliani began to publish compositions in the classical style. His concert tours took him all over Europe. Everywhere he went he was acclaimed for his virtuosity and musical taste. He achieved great success and became a musical celebrity, equal to the best of the many instrumentalists and composers who were active in the Austrian capital city at the beginning of the 19th century.
Giuliani defined a new role for the guitar in the context of European music. He was acquainted with the highest figures of Austrian society and with notable composers such as Rossini and Beethoven, and cooperated with the best active concert musicians in Vienna. In 1815 he appeared with the pianist Johann Nepomuk Hummel (followed later by Ignaz Moscheles), the violinist Joseph Mayseder and the cellist Merk, in a series of chamber concerts in the botanical gardens of Schönbrunn Palace, concerts that were called the "Dukaten Concerte", after the price of the ticket, which was a ducat. This exposure gave Giuliani prominence in the musical environment of the city. Also in 1815, he was the official concert artist for the celebrations of the Congress in Vienna. Two years earlier, on the 8th of December, 1813, he had played (probably cello) in an orchestra for the first performance of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.
In Vienna, Giuliani had minor success as a composer. He worked mostly with the publisher Artaria, who published the large part of his works for guitar, but he had dealings with all the other local publishers, who spread his compositions all over Europe. He developed here a teaching reputation as well; among his numerous students were Bobrowicz and Horetzky.
In 1819 Giuliani left Vienna, mainly for financial reasons: his property and bank accounts were confiscated to pay his debtors. He returned to Italy, spending time in Trieste and Venice, and finally settling in Rome. He brought with him his daughter Emilia, who was born in 1813. She was educated at the nunnery L'adorazione del Gesù from 1821 to 1826, together with Giuliani's illegitimate daughter Maria. In Rome he did not have much success; he published a few compositions and gave only one concert.
In July of 1823 he began a series of frequent trips to Naples to be with his father, who was seriously ill. In the Bourbon city of Naples Giuliani would find a better reception to his guitar artistry, and there he was able to publish other works for guitar with local publishers.
In 1826 he performed in Portici before Francesco I and the Bourbon court. In this time, which we could call Giuliani's Neapolitan period, he appeared frequently in duo concert with his daughter Emilia, who had become a skilled performer on the guitar. Toward the end of 1827 the health of the musician began to fail; he died in Naples on 8 May, 1829. The news of his death did not create much of a stir in the Neapolitan musical environment.
[edit] Works
As a guitar composer he was very fond of the theme and variations— an extremely popular form in Vienna. He had a remarkable ability to weave a melody into a passage with musical effect while remaining true to the idiom of the instrument. One example of this ability is to be found in his Variations on a theme of Handel, Op. 107. This popular theme, known as "The Harmonious Blacksmith", appears in the Aria from Handel's Suite no. 5 in E for harpsichord.
Giuliani's achievements as a composer were numerous. Giuliani's 150 compositions for guitar with opus number constitute the nucleus of the nineteenth-century guitar repertory. He composed extremely challenging pieces for solo guitar as well as works for orchestra and Guitar-Violin and Guitar-Flute duos.
Outstanding pieces by Giuliani include his three guitar concertos (op. 30-36 and 70); a series of six fantasias for guitar solo, op. 119-124, based on airs from Rossini operas and entitled the "Rossiniane"; several sonatas for violin and guitar and flute and guitar; a quintet, op. 65, for strings and guitar; some collections for voice and guitar, and a Grand Overture written in the Italian style. He also transcribed many symphonic works, both for solo guitar and guitar duo. One such transcription arranges the overture to The Barber of Seville by Rossini, for two guitars. There are further numerous didactic works, among which is a method for guitar that is used frequently by teachers to this day.
Today, Giuliani's concertos and solo pieces are performed by professionals and still demonstrate the ability of the guitarist to play the piece, as well as Giuliani's natural ability as a composer for the classical guitar.
[edit] Selected list of compositions
- Rondo en La Mayor, op. 14 no. 4 (guitar)
- Sonata, op. 15 (guitar) c. 1812
- Duo Concertante, op. 25 (violin & guitar)
- Concerto, op. 30 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1812
- Grandi Variazioni Concertanti, op. 35 (two guitars) c. 1833
- Gran Concerto, op. 36 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1812
- Gran Concerto, op. 36 (guitar & pianoforte), c. 1824
- Sei variazioni sull'aria "A Schisserl und a Reindl", op. 38 (guitar), 1812
- Sei Cavatine, op. 39 Canto e Chitarra
- Gran Duetto Concertante, op. 52 (flute or violin & guitar), c. 1812
- Grande Ouverture, op. 61 (guitar) 1809
- Gran Quintetto, op. 65 (two violins, viola, cello & guitar), c. 1812
- Gran Concerto, op. 70 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1822
- Gran Concerto, op. 70 (guitar & pianoforte), c. 1824
- Gran Serenata, op. 82 (flute & guitar)
- Gran Duetto Concertante, op. 85 (flute or violin & guitar), c. 1817
- Variazioni Brillanti, op. 87 (guitar) c. 1815
- Grandi Variazioni, op. 88 (guitar)
- Sei Lieder, op. 89 (soprano & guitar)
- Tre Sonate Brillanti, op. 96 (guitar)
- Rossiniana, op. 119 (guitar) c. 1820
- Rossiniana, op. 120 (guitar) c. 1821
- Rossiniana, op. 121 (guitar) c. 1821
- Rossiniana, op. 122 (guitar) c. 1824
- Rossiniana, op. 123 (guitar) c. 1824
- Rossiniana, op. 124 (guitar) c. 1828
- Polonesi concertanti, op. 137 (two guitars)
- Gran Sonata Eroica, op. 150 (guitar) c. 1843
[edit] Books by Mauro Giuliani
- Mauro Giuliani: Studio per la chitarra. Type: Italian : Book Book. Publisher: Bonn [etc.] : chez N. Simrock [etc.], [1812] OCLC 68319701
- Mauro Giuliani: 120 daily guitar studies for the right hand. Type: English : Book Book Publisher: New York : Celesta Pub. Co., [©1949] OCLC 42884308
[edit] Books about Mauro Giuliani
[edit] Biographies
- Thomas F Heck: Mauro Giuliani : virtuoso guitarist and composer. Publisher: Columbus : Editions Orphée, 1995. (English) ISBN 0-936186-87-9 OCLC 32394767 / Publisher: New Haven, 1970. OCLC: 125002
- Nicola Giuliani: Omaggio a Mauro Giuliani : l'Orfeo della Puglia Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. OCLC: 45035045
- Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1782-1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarra Type: Italian : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: Anno accademico 1990-1991. OCLC: 32930581
- Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1781-1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarra Type: English : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1992. OCLC: 69237592
- Brian Jeffery: Introduction and indexes Type: English : Book Book Publisher: London : Tecla Editions, ©1988. OCLC: 24958769
- Filippo E Araniti: Nuove acquisizioni sull'opera e sulla vita di Mauro Giuliani : gli anni del soggiorno napoletano (1824-1829) Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: Barletta-Trani : Regione Puglia-Assessorato Pubblica Istruzione, 1993. OCLC: 42716282
- Thomas Fitz / Simons Heck: The birth of the classic guitar and its cultivation in Vienna, reflected in the career and compositions of Mauro Giuliani (d.1829) ; Thematic catalogue of the complete works of Mauro Giuliani.Type: English : Book Book Publisher: New Haven, Conn. : Yale University, 1970. OCLC: 53726031
- Brian Jeffery: Introductions and indexes by Mauro Giuliani. Type: English : Book Book.Publisher: Penderyn, South Wales : Tecla Editions, ©1988. OCLC: 52613698
- Antonio Lasada: The butterfly, op. 30 by Mauro Giuliani. Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: Sydney : J. Albert & Son, 1976. ISBN 0-909700-90-7 OCLC: 27600649
- Thomas Fitz / Simons Heck: The birth of the classic guitar and its cultivation in Vienna reflected in the career and compositions of Mauro Giuliani (d. 1829) Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1970. OCLC: 65932060
- Eduardo Caliendo: Metodo per chitarra by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Italian : Book Book. Publisher: Ancona ; Milano : Edizioni musicali Bèrben, [1978], ©1964.OCLC: 23479377
- Mauro Giuliani: 25 etudes [Múscia]. Type: Spanish : Book Book.Publisher: Japon : Zen-On music, [19--]. OCLC: 70134885
- Gaspare Spontini; Mauro Giuliani; Brian Jeffery; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Vincenzo Bellini: Three operatic overtures arranged for two guitars : Spontini's La Vestale, Mozart's La Clemenza di Tito, and Bellini's Il Pirata : Wo0, 2G-1, 2, 4. Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: London : Tecla Editions, ©1986. ISBN 0-906953-83-9 OCLC: 38002311
- Tomasina Soto Michel: Survey of program music in early romantic guitarists, 1800-1850. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: 1994. OCLC: 30986316
- Joseph Zuth: 24 [i.e. Vierundzwanzig] Studien für Gitarre, op. 100 by Mauro Giuliani; Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Mainz : B. Schott's Söhne ; New York : Schott Music Corp., 1929. OCLC: 41699112
- Joseph J Gonzales; Johann Sebastian Bach: Recital document. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1995. OCLC: 33850916
- Hans Ritter: 24 [i.e. Vierundzwanzig] Etüden für Gitarre, op. 48 by Mauro Giuliani; Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Mainz : B. Schott's Söhne ; New York : Schott Music Corp., [19--] OCLC: 41699167
- Ludwig van Beethoven: Beethoven-Festnummer der Oesterreichischen Gitarre-Zeitschrift Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Wien : Kunstdruckerie Frisch & Co., 1927. OCLC: 40961302
- Antonio Francesco Gori; Liuba Giuliani: Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: Roma : Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, ©1987. OCLC: 20634181
[edit] Analysis
- Yvonne Regina Chavez: The flute and guitar duos of Mauro Giuliani Book: Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: 1991. (English) OCLC: 24571012
- Roger West Hudson: The orchestration of the guitar concerto : a comparison of the Concerto in A major, op. 30, by Mauro Giuliani and the Concierto del sol by Manuel Ponce. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1992.OCLC: 31118635
- Heike Vajen Rossiniana no. 6 op. 124 by Mauro Giuliani.Type: German : Book Book. Publisher: Celle : Moeck, (1986). OCLC: 46051295
- Volker Höh: Sonata op. 15 : Fingersatz by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Book Book Publisher: Celle : Moeck, 1989. OCLC: 46095695
- Horacio Ceballos: Sonata Op. 15 [Música] by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Spanish : Book Book. Publisher: Buenos Aires, Argentina : RICORDI, 1977. OCLC: 70134745
- Kurt L Schuster: Performing Joseph Haydn's Divertimento a quattro, opus 2, no. 2 and Mauro Giuliani's Grand sonata eroica, opus 150. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1989.: 20402277
[edit] External links
- Associazione Giuliani
- Found: A Giuliani Guitar, Kept In A London Bank Since 1816 by Paul Pleijsier, 2001
- Mauro Giuliani was listed in the International Music Score Library Project
- Complete works of Mauro Giuliani
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