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List of marjas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of marjas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article provides the list of marja taqlid (supreme legal authorities) since 1900, both current and deceased, followed by Ithna 'Ashari Shi'a Muslims around the world. The concept of Marja taqlid (lit. source of emulation) is central to Shia theology. Marja taqlids provide religious interpretations on matters of law and rituals. [1][2] Ideally, the most just and knowledgeable specialist in the field of the Islamic law should become recognized throughout the Shia world as the marja taqlid. In practice however this rarely happens and there are several marja taqlid's among whom an individual is free to choose and emulate. [2][1] Among those living far away from the centers of Shia learning, there are however Shias who have never heard of the concept of Marja Taqlid. [2]

Those clerics who reach the apex in the hirerachy of theological rank in the centers of Shia learning become Marja taqlids.[1][3] Since around 1940, Marja taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of ayatollah al-`uzma (Grand Ayatollah).[1] Among the functionality of Marja taqlids is the collection and distribution of religious taxes (zakat and khums).[1][2]

Contents

[edit] Current

Note: The list contains those Ayatollahs who have published a Resalah, regardless the number of followers they have. The names are ordered alphabetically, as there exists no other standard to prefer one marja over another. See also: List of Ayatollahs

S. No. Name Birth Year Birth Place Education Residence Website Image
1 Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili 1926 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
2 Ali Hosseini Khamenei 1939 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
3 Ali Husaini Sistani 1930 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
4 Bashir Hussain Najafi 1942 Flag of India British India Flag of Pakistan Pakistan & Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Pakistan Pakistan & Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
5 Hossein Ali Montazeri 1922 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
6 Hossein Mazaheri 1934 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
7 Hossein Noori Hamedani 1926 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
8 Hossein Vahid Khorasani 1924 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
9 Javad Gharavi Aliari 1935 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
10 Kazem Haeri 1938 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
11 Qorban Ali Kaboli 1928 Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Official Website
12 Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah 1935 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Lebanon Lebanon Official Website
13 Mohammad Hussein Najafi 1932 Flag of Pakistan Pakistan Flag of Pakistan Pakistan & Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Pakistan Pakistan Official website
14 Mohammad Ishaq Al-Fayyad 1930 Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
15 Mohammad Said Al-Hakim 1936 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
16 Mohammad Shahroudi 1925 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
17 Mohammad Taghi Bahjat Foumani 1917 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
18 Mohammad Taqi Modaressi 1945 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
19 Moslem Malakouti 1923 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
20 Mousa Shubairi Zanjani[4] 1927 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Biography
21 Naser Makarem Shirazi 1927 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
22 Sadeq Rohani 1926 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
23 Safi Golpaygani 1935 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
24 Yousef Sanei 1927 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website -

[edit] Deceased

Note: The names are ordered by date of death (descending) as an arbitrary standard.

S. No. Name Birth Year Year of Death Birth Place Education Residence Website Image
1 Mohammad Fazel Lankarani 1931 2007 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
2 Mirza Javad Tabrizi 1926 2006 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
3 Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi 1928 2001 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
4 Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr 1934 1999 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
5 Muhammad Ali Araki 1895 1994 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Biography
6 Mohammad Reza Golpaygani 1898 1993 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Biography
7 Abul-Qassim Khoei 1899 1992 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Official Website
8 Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini 1902 1989 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
9 Ali Naqi Naqvi (Naqqan) 1905 1988 Flag of India British India Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of India India -
10 Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari 1904 1985 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran -
11 Abdullah Shirazi 1892 1984 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran -
12 Mohammed Hussain Tabatabai 1892 1981 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran Official Website
13 Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr 1935 1980 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq -
14 Musa al-Sadr 1928 1978 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Lebanon Lebanon Official Website
15 Muhsin Al-Hakim 1889 1970 Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iraq Iraq -
16 Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi 1875 1961 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iraq Iraq Flag of Iran Iran -
17 Abul Asphaani 1863 1944 Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Flag of Iran Iran Biography

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e Lara Deeb, An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon, Princeton University Press, pp.69-70
  2. ^ a b c d Michael W. Suleiman,Arabs in America: Building a New Future, p.55, Temple University Press
  3. ^ Linda S. Walbridge, The Most Learned of the Shiʻa: The Institution of the Marjaʻ Taqlid, Oxford University Press, p.217
  4. ^ مواقـع رجال الديــــن The Biography of Current Marjas - in Arabic


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