List of human evolution fossils

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following charts give a brief overview of several notable primate fossil finds relating to human evolution. As there are thousands of fossils, this overview is not meant to be complete, but does show some of the most important finds. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or incremental dating. The species name represents current consensus, when there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated; deprecated classifications may be found on the fossil's page. Not all the fossils shown are considered direct ancestors to Homo sapiens but are very closely related to direct ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage.

1 More than 4 million years old
2 3 million - 4 million years old
3 2 million - 3 million years old
4 1 million - 2 million years old
5 100,000 - 1 million years old
6 50,000 - 100,000 years old
7 Less than 50,000 years old
8 Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name
9 See also
10 References

[edit] More than 4 million years old

Image	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
Eosimias sinensis image		45 mya	Eosimias sinensis	1985	China	Lin Yipu
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis image at Skulls Unlimited	DPC 2803	>31 mya	Aegyptopithecus zeuxis	1941	Egypt	Elwyn Simons
Proconsul africanus image at Skulls Unlimited	KNM RU 7290	18 mya	Proconsul africanus	1948	Kenya	Mary Leakey
Image	KNM WK 16999	16-18 mya	Afropithecus turkanensis	1986	Kenya	Richard Leakey
Image	KNM WK 16950	16-18 mya	Turkanapithecus kalakolensis	1986	Kenya	Richard Leakey
Image	IGF 11778	8 mya	Oreopithecus bambolii	1872	Italy	Paul Gervais
Image	IVPP PA644	8 mya	Lufengpithecus lufengensis	1978	China
Sivapithecus indicus image at Skulls Unlimited	GSP 15000	8 mya	Sivapithecus indicus	1979	Pakistan	D. Pilbeam and S. M. Ibrahim Shah
Image	TM 266 (Toumai)	7 mya	Sahelanthropus tchadensis	2001	Chad	Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye

[edit] 3 million - 4 million years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
Laetoli footprint image at Modern Human Origins	Laetoli Footprint	3.7 mya	Bipedal hominid	1976	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
LH 4 image at Modern Human Origins	LH 4	3.6 - 3.8 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1974	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
KNM-WT 40000 image at Modern Human Origins	KNM WT 40000	3.5 mya	Kenyanthropus platyops	1999	Kenya	Justus Erus
	Stw 573 (Little foot)	3.3 mya	Australopithecus ?	1994	South Africa	Ronald J. Clarke
	DIK-1 (Selam)	3.3 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	2000	Ethiopia	Zeresenay Alemseged
	AL 200-1	3 - 3.2 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1975	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
	AL 129-1	3 - 3.2 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	November 1973	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
	K 12 (Abel)		Australopithecus bahrelghazali	1995	Chad	Michel Brunet
	AL 288-1 (Lucy)	3.2 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	November 30, 1974	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
AL444-2 image at Modern Human Origins	AL 444-2	3 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1991	Ethiopia	Bill Kimbel

[edit] 2 million - 3 million years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
	STS 5 (Mrs. Ples)	2.6 - 2.8 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
STS 14 image at Modern Human Origins	STS 14	2.6-2.8 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
STS 52 image at Modern Human Origins	STS 52		Australopithecus africanus
	STS 71	2.5 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
	Taung 1 (Taung Child)	2.5 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1924	South Africa	Raymond Dart
	KNM WT 17000 (The Black Skull)	2.5 mya	Paranthropus aethiopicus	1985	Kenya	Alan Walker
	TM 1517	2 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1938	South Africa	Gert Terblanche

[edit] 1 million - 2 million years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
	KNM ER 1813	1.9 mya	Homo habilis	1973	Kenya	Kamoya Kimeu
	KNM ER 1470	1.9 mya	Homo rudolfensis	1972	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	SK 48	1.8 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1948	South Africa	Robert Broom
	OH 24 (Twiggy)	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1968	Tanzania	Peter Nzube
OH 8 Image of hand at Modern Human Origins	OH 8	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1960	Tanzania
	OH 5 (Zinj or nutcracker man)	1.8 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1959	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
	D 2700	1.8 mya	Homo georgicus	2001	Georgia
	OH 7	1.75 mya	Homo habilis	1960	Tanzania	Jonathan Leakey
	KNM ER 3733	1.75 mya	Homo ergaster	1975	Kenya	Bernard Ngeneo
	KNM ER 1805	1.74 mya	Homo habilis		Koobi Fora, Kenya
STW 53 image at Modern Human Origins	StW 53	1.5 - 2 mya	Homo habilis sensu Lato or unclassified see Grine et al. 1996	1976	South Africa	A. R. Hughes
SK 847 image at Modern Human Origins	SK 847	1.5 - 2 mya	Homo habilis sensu Lato or unclassified see Grine et al. 1996	1949	South Africa
DNH 7 image at Modern Human Origins	DNH 7 (Eurydice)	1.5 - 2 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1994	South Africa	André Keyser
	SK 46	1.5-2 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1949	South Africa	Robert Broom
	OH 13	1.7 mya	Homo habilis	1963	Tanzania	N. Mbuika
	KNM ER 406	1.7 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1969	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KNM ER 732	1.7 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1970	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KNM ER 23000
	KNM WT 17400	1.7 mya	Paranthropus boisei		Kenya
	KNM WT 15000 (Turkana Boy)	1.6 mya	Homo erectus or Homo ergaster	1984	Kenya	Kamoya Kimeu
	KNM ER 3883	1.4 - 1.6 mya	Homo erectus		Kenya	Richard Leakey
	Peninj Mandible	1.5 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1964	Tanzania	Richard Leakey
Chellean OH 9 Image at Modern Human Origins	OH 9 (Chellean Man)	1.5 mya	Homo erectus	1960	Tanzania	Louis Leakey
	KNM ER 992	1.5 mya	Homo ergaster	1971	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KGA 10-525	1.4 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1993	Ethiopia	A. Amzaye

[edit] 100,000 - 1 million years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
	Sangiran 4	< 1 mya	Homo erectus	1939	Indonesia	GHR von Koenigswald
Sangiran 2 image at Modern Human Origins	Sangiran 2	0.7-1.6 mya	Homo erectus	1937	Indonesia	GHR von Koenigswald
	Trinil 2 Pithecanthropus-1 or Java Man	.7 - 1 mya	Homo erectus	1891	Indonesia	Eugene Dubois
	Atapuerca, Gran Dolina TD6	780k - 858k	Homo antecessor or Homo erectus	1994	España	Bermúdez & Arsuaga
	Ternifine 2-3	700k	Homo erectus	1954	Algeria	C. Arsmbourg
Sangiran 17 image at Modern Human Origins	Sangiran 17	700k	Homo erectus	1969	Indonesia	S. Sartono
Hexian PA830 image at Modern Human Origins	Hexian	400-500k	Homo erectus	1980	China
Zhoukoudian XII image at Modern Human Origins	Zhoukoudian	230-460k	Homo erectus	1930's	China	Davidson Black
Bodo image at Modern Human Origins	Bodo	600k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo erectus	1976	Ethiopia	A. Asfaw
	Mauer 1 (Heidelberg Man)	500k	Homo heidelbergensis	1907	Germany
	Ndutu
	Sale
Arago XXI image at Modern Human Origins	Arago 21 (Tautavel Man)	400k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo erectus	1971	France	Henry de Lumley
Steinheim image at Modern Human Origins	Steinheim Skull	350k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo neanderthalensis	1933	Germany
Petralona 1 image at Modern Human Origins	Petralona 1	250 - 500k	Homo erectus or Homo rhodesiensis	1960	Greece
	Swanscombe Man	250k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo neanderthalensis	1935	England	Alvan T Marston
	Ngandong 7	250k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo erectus	1931	Indonesia	C. ter Haar and G. H. R. von Koenigswald
	Broken Hill 1 (Kabwe Cranium or Rhodesian Man)	125k - 300k	Homo rhodesiensis or Homo heidelbergensis	1921	Zambia	Tom Zwiglaar
Dali image at Modern Human Origins	Dali (fossil)	209k	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo sapiens	1978	China	Shuntang Liu
	LH 18		Homo sapiens	1976	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
Omo 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Omo 1	190 kya	Homo sapiens	1967-1974	Ethiopia	Richard Leakey
Omo II Image at Modern Human Origins	Omo 2	?	Homo rhodesiensis or 'Homo sapiens	?	Ethiopia	Richard Leakey
Herto skull images at ABC Science	Herto remains	160 kya	Homo sapiens idaltu	1997 - 2003	Middle Awash Ethiopia	Tim White
	Jebel Irhoud 1	160 kya	Homo sapiens	circa 1991	Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
	Jebel Irhoud 2	160 kya	Homo sapiens	circa 1991	Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
Jebel Irhoud 3 Mandible Image at PhysOrg.com	Jebel Irhoud 3	160 kya	Homo sapiens	circa 1991	Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
	Jebel Irhoud 4	160 kya	Homo sapiens	after 1991	Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
Tabun 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Tabun C1	120k	Homo neanderthalensis	1967-1972	Israel	Jelinek

[edit] 50,000 - 100,000 years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
Klasies Images at Modern Human Origins	Klasies River Caves	125 ky -75 ky	Homo sapiens	1960 onwards	South Africa	Ray Inskeep, Robin Singer, John Wymer, Hilary Deacon
Krapina C Images at Modern Human Origins	Krapina	100K	Homo neanderthalensis	1899	Croatia	Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger
	Skhul V	90-100k	Homo sapiens	1933	Es Skhul, Mount Carmel, Israel	T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
Qafzeh IX/ Image at Modern Human Origins	Qafzeh IX	90-100k	Homo sapiens / Neanderthal	1933	Qafzeh, Israel	T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
	Skhul IX		Homo sapiens ?		Es Skhul, Mount Carmel, Israel
Qafzeh VI Image at Modern Human Origins	Qafzeh VI	90-100k	Homo sapiens	1933	Nazareth, Israel	T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
	La Ferrassie 1	70k	Homo neanderthalensis	September 17, 1909	France	R. Capitan and D. Peyrony
	La Quina 5	40-55k	Homo neanderthalensis		France
	La Quina 18	40-55k	Homo neanderthalensis		France
Mount Circeo 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Mt. Circeo 1	40-60k	Homo neanderthalensis	1939	Italy	Prof. Blanc
Saccopastore 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Saccopastore 1	60k	Homo neanderthalensis		Italy
Gibraltar 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Gibraltar 1		Homo neanderthalensis		Spain
	Shanidar 1	60k - 80k	Homo neanderthalensis	1961	Iraq	Ralph Solecki
Amud 1 Image at Modern Human Origins	Amud 1		Homo neanderthalensis		Israel
Amud 7 Image at Modern Human Origins	Amud 7		Homo neanderthalensis		Israel
	La Chappelle- aux-Saints 1	60k	Homo neanderthalensis	August 3, 1908	France	A. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon

[edit] Less than 50,000 years old

	Name	Age	Species	Date discovered	Place	Discovered by
	Le Moustier	45k	Homo neanderthalensis	1909	France
Neanderthal 1 images at Modern Human Origins	Neanderthal 1	40k	Homo neanderthalensis	1856	Germany	Johann Carl Fuhlrott
Qafzeh VI images at Modern Human Origins	Jebel Qafzeh 6	92k - 115k or 30k - 55k	Homo sapiens	1930's	Israel	R. Neuville M Stekelis
	NG 6	27 - 53k	Homo erectus	1931	Indonesia	C. ter Haar and GHR von Koenigswald
	Hofmeyr Skull	36k	Homo sapiens	1952	South Africa
	Yamashita-Cho Man	32k	Homo sapiens	1962/1968	Naha, Okinawa, Japan
	Cro-Magnon 1	30k	Homo sapiens	1868	France	Louis Lartet
	Combe Capelle	30k - 35k	Homo sapiens	1909	France	O. Hauser
Predmosti 3 images at Modern Human Origins	Predmost 3	26k	Homo sapiens	1894	Czechoslovakia	K.J. Maska
	LB 1 (Hobbit)	18k	Homo floresiensis or Homo sapiens or Homo erectus or ?	2003	Indonesia
Minatogawa 1 images at Modern Human Origins	Minatogawa 1	16k - 18k	Homo sapiens	1970	Japan
	Tandou	15k	Homo sapiens	1967	Australia	Duncan Merrilees
	Wadi Kubbaniya	8k - 20k	Homo sapiens	1982	Egypt	Fred Wendorf
Kow Swamp 1 images at Modern Human Origins	Kow Swamp 1	9k - 13k	Homo sapiens	1968	Australia	A.G. Thorne
	Afalou 13	8k - 12k	Homo sapiens	1920's	Algeria	C. Arambourg
	Wadi Halfa 25	6k - 12k	Homo sapiens	1963	Sudan	G. Armelagos, E. Ewing, D. Greene
	Wadjak 1	10k - 12k	Homo sapiens	1888	Indonesia	Eugene Dubois
	Tepexpan	11k	Homo sapiens	1947	Mexico	H. de Terra
	Cerro Sota 2	11k	Homo sapiens	1936	Chile	Junius Bird
	SDM 16704	4.9k - 11.8k	Homo sapiens	1929	United States	M.J. Rogers
	Lo 4b	6k - 9k	Homo sapiens	1965-1975	H. Robbins B.M. Lynch
	Kerma 27	3.5k	Homo sapiens	1913-1916	Sudan	G.A. Reisner
	Ötzi the Iceman	3.3k	Homo sapiens	1991	Ötztal Alps (between Austria and Italy)	Helmut and Erika Simon
	Five Knolls 18	1.5k - 3.5k	Homo sapiens	1925-1929	England
	Humboldt Sink	<1500 years	Homo sapiens		United States
	SCDG K102	300 - 400 years	Homo sapiens	1982	United States	C.S. Larsen

[edit] Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name

AL - Afar Locality, Ethiopia
ARA-VP - Aramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
BOU-VP - Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
ER - East (Lake) Rudolf, Kenya
KGA - Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia
KNM - Kenya National Museum
KP - Kanapoi, Kenya
OH - Olduvai Hominid, Tanzania
SK - Swartkrans, South Africa
Sts,Stw - Sterkfontein, South Africa
TM - Transvaal Museum, South Africa
TM - Toros-Menalla, Chad
WT - West (Lake) Turkana, Kenya

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Tattersall, Ian, Schwartz, Jeffery (2000). Extinct Humans. Westview Press, Boulder CO. ISBN 0-8133-3482-9.
Larsen, Clark Spencer, Matter, Robert M, Gebo, Daniel L (1991). Human Origins: the fossil record. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL. ISBN 0-88133-575-4.
Smithsonian Human Origins Program. Retrieved on 2006-08-29.
Prominent Hominid Fossils. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
Grine, F.E, Jungers, W.L, Schultz, J. (1996) Phenetic Affinities Among Early Homo Crania from East and South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 30 pp.189-225