Lewis Addison Armistead
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| Lewis Addison Armistead | |
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| February 18, 1817 – July 5, 1863 (aged 46) | |
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| Nickname | Lo (short for Lothario) |
| Place of birth | New Bern, North Carolina |
| Place of death | Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
| Allegiance | Confederate |
| Years of service | 1839–61 (USA), 1861–63 (CSA) |
| Rank | Captain (USA), Brigadier General (CSA) |
| Battles/wars | Mexican-American War |
Lewis Addison Armistead (February 18, 1817 – July 5, 1863) was a Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War, mortally wounded in Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.
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[edit] Early life
Lewis A. Armistead, known to friends as "Lo" (for Lothario, which was an ironic joke because he was a shy man and a widower, not a ladies' man), was born in New Bern, North Carolina, son of Walker Keith Armistead and Elizabeth Armistead. Walker Armistead and his five brothers served during the War of 1812 and one of them, Major George Armistead, was the commander of Fort McHenry during the British attack that inspired the words to the Star Spangled Banner. Lewis attended the United States Military Academy, but was expelled following an incident in which he broke a plate over the head of fellow cadet Jubal Early. He was also having academic difficulties, however, particularly in French (a subject of difficulty for many West Point cadets of that era), and some historians cite academic failure as his true reason for leaving the academy.[1] His influential father managed to obtain for his son a second lieutenant's commission in the 6th U.S. Infantry on July 10, 1839, at roughly the time his classmates graduated. He was promoted to first lieutenant on March 30, 1844. Serving in the Mexican-American War, he was brevetted to captain for Contreras and Churubusco, wounded at Chapultepec, and was brevetted to major for Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. He was promoted to captain on March 3, 1855.[2]
Armistead was friends with John F. Reynolds and Winfield Scott Hancock serving with him as a quartermaster in Los Angeles, California, before the Civil War. Accounts say that in a farewell party before leaving to join the Confederate army, Armistead told Hancock that if he should ever lift a hand against Hancock in battle, "May God strike me dead."[citation needed]
[edit] Civil War
When the war started, Armistead traveled east and received a commission as a major, but was quickly promoted to colonel of the 57th Virginia Infantry regiment. He served in the western part of Virginia, but soon returned to the east and General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. He fought as a brigade commander under Lee at Seven Pines, the Seven Days Battles (where he was chosen to spearhead the bloody, senseless assault on Malvern Hill), and Second Bull Run. At Antietam, he served as Lee's provost marshal, a frustrating job due to the high levels of desertion that plagued the army in that campaign. Then he was under command in the division of Maj. Gen. George Pickett at Fredericksburg. Because he was with James Longstreet's corps near Norfolk, Virginia, in the spring of 1863, he missed the Battle of Chancellorsville.
In the Battle of Gettysburg, Armistead's brigade arrived the evening of July 2, 1863, once again in Pickett's division. He was mortally wounded the next day while leading his brigade towards the center of the Union line in Pickett's Charge. His brigade, led from the front by Armistead, waving his hat from the tip of his saber, reached the stone wall at the "Angle", which served as the charge's objective. The brigade got farther in the charge than any other, an event sometimes known as the High Water Mark of the Confederacy, but it was quickly overwhelmed by a Union counterattack. Armistead was shot three times just after crossing the wall. He was informed by Union Captain Henry H. Bingham that his old friend, Hancock, had been commanding this part of the defensive line, but that he, too, had just been wounded. This scene is featured in Michael Shaara's novel, The Killer Angels, in which Armistead is a principal character. Armistead died two days later in a Union field hospital.
Lewis Armistead is buried next to his uncle, Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead, commander of the garrison of Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore, at the Old Saint Paul's Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland.
[edit] In popular media
In Gettysburg, the film version of Shaara's novel, Armistead was portrayed by actor Richard Jordan who, like Armistead, died shortly thereafter. In the film, the meeting between Armistead and Bingham at the High Water Mark was altered with Lt. Thomas Chamberlain (portrayed by C. Thomas Howell), brother of Col. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, taking Bingham's place.
Armistead made a special appearance, played by John Prosky in Gods and Generals, being accompanied by Pickett, at Fredericksburg. In Gettysburg, he mentioned that he and Hancock were both there on opposite sides of the battle.
Armistead is a character in the alternate history novel Gettysburg by Newt Gingrich and William Forstchen.
[edit] References
- Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- Johnson, Charles Thomas, "Lewis Addison Armistead", Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., eds., W. W. Norton & Company, 2000, ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
- Shaara, Michael, The Killer Angels: A Novel, David McKay Co., 1974, (reprinted by Ballantine Books, 2001), ISBN 978-0345444127.
- Tagg, Larry, The Generals of Gettysburg, Savas Publishing, 1998, ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
[edit] Notes
[edit] Further reading
- Motts, Wayne E., Trust in God and Fear Nothing: Gen. Lewis A. Armistead, CSA, Farnsworth House Military Impressions, 1994, ISBN 0-9643632-08.
[edit] External links
- Lewis Addison Armistead at Find A Grave Retrieved on 2008-02-13
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