John Clarkson
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- For the slavery abolitionist, see John Clarkson.
| John Clarkson | ||
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| Pitcher | ||
| Born: July 1, 1861 Cambridge, Massachusetts |
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| Died: February 4, 1909 (aged 47) Belmont, Massachusetts |
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| Batted: Right | Threw: Right | |
| MLB debut | ||
| May 2, 1882 for the Worcester Ruby Legs |
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| Final game | ||
| July 12, 1894 for the Cleveland Spiders |
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| Career statistics | ||
| Pitching Record | 328-178 | |
| Earned run average | 2.81 | |
| Strikeouts | 1978 | |
| Teams | ||
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| Career highlights and awards | ||
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| Member of the National | ||
 Baseball Hall of Fame |
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| Elected | 1963 | |
| Election Method | Veteran's Committee | |
John Gibson Clarkson (July 1, 1861 – February 4, 1909) was a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1882-1894. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Clarkson played for the Worcester Ruby Legs (1882), Chicago White Stockings (1884-1887), Boston Beaneaters (1888-1892), and Cleveland Spiders (1892-1894).
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[edit] Career overview
Clarkson compiled a career 328-178 record, placing him twelfth on the MLB list of all-time wins. Clarkson pitched over 600 innings in a season twice and won a career-high 53 games in 1885. In MLB history, only Charles Radbourn has won more games in a single season (59 in 1884). In just five seasons from 1885-1889, Clarkson won 209 games.
Clarkson had a wide variety of curve balls and was considered to be a calculating, scientific pitcher who carefully analyzed every hitter's weaknesses. Hall of Fame hitter Sam Thompson said of Clarkson: “I faced him in scores of games and I can truthfully say that never in all that time did I get a pitch that came where I expected it or in the way in which I guessed it was coming.” [1]
At the time Clarkson retired from the game, he was the winningest pitcher in National League history.[2]
Aside from being a great pitcher, Clarkson was also a fair hitter. His 24 career home runs (in the deadball era) ranks 7th on the all-time MLB home run list for pitchers. He also had 232 career RBIs and 254 runs scored.
Total Baseball ranked Clarkson as the fourth best pitcher of all time behind Hall of Famers Cy Young, Christy Matthewson and Lefty Grove, [3] though Bill James ranks him much lower, at No. 42, in his The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract.
Clarkson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame upon election by the Veterans Committee in 1963.
[edit] Early years
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Clarkson was one of five sons of a prosperous jeweler. [4] Clakson had two brothers who were also major league pitchers: Dad Clarkson and Walter Clarkson. The three Clarkson brothers rank third in wins by brothers behind the Niekro and Perry brothers.
After attending business school and playing semipro ball, Clarkson signed as a free agent with the Worcester Ruby Legs of the National League in 1882. Clarkson played his first major league game at age 20 on May 2, 1882. He played in three games for the Ruby Legs, finishing with a 1-2 record in 24 innings. The Worcester team folded after the 1882 season, and Clarkson pitched in the minors the following two years.[5]
[edit] Chicago White Stockings (1884-1887)
Chicago manager Cap Anson saw Clarkson pitching for Saginaw in the Northwest League in 1884. [6] On August 24, 1884, the White Stockings puchased him from Saginaw.
The White Stockings finished in fifth place in 1884, but Clarkson put in a strong performance, going 10-3 in 13 starts after being acquired from Saginaw. His .769 win percentage was the second best in the league, and his 2.14 ERA was sixth best.
Clarkson was known to be extremely sensitive to criticism. Shortly after his death in 1909, former Chicago player/manager Cap Anson noted that "not many know what amount amount of encouragement it took to keep him going." Anson recalled: "Scold him, find fault with him, and he would not pitch at all. Say to him after a game: 'Grand work, John, I will probably use you again tomorrow, for we've got to have that game,' and he would go out the next day and stand all batters on their heads.'" Alfred H. Spink, The National Game (1910), quoted in Bill James, The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract (2001), p. 873. [7]
[edit] A 53-win season in 1885
In 1885, Clarkson became Chicago's principal starting pitcher. In a remarkable feat of durability, Clarkson appeared in 70 games that year, pitched 623 innings and threw an astounding 68 complete games. He also won 53 games with an ERA of 1.85 (Adjusted ERA+ of 165).
On July 27, 1885, he pitched the only no-hitter of his career with a 4-0 win over the Providence Grays. [8]
His 50th win of the season occurred on September 19, 1885, a 10-3 victory over Boston. .[9]
The White Stockings won the 1885 National League pennant with 83 wins, 53 of which came from Clarkson. Clarkson started three games in the 1885 World Series agaisnt the St. Louis Browns, with a record of 1-1 and an ERA of 1.12, allowing only two earned runs in 16 innings.
Clarkson's performance in 1885 led the National League in wins (53) and strikeouts (308) and ranks as one of the most remarkable in major league history.
- His 53 wins is the second highest single season total in MLB history.[10]
- His 68 complete games is the seventh highest single season total in MLB history. [11]
- His 70 games started is the eighth most in MLB history. [12]
- His 632 innings pitched is the eighth most in MLB history.[13]
[edit] A 36-win season in 1886
In 1886, Clarkson shared the pitching load with Jim McCormick and Jocko Flynn, each of whom won at least 23 games and pitched over 250 innings. Clarkson had a record of 36-17, with 50 complete games and an ERA of 2.41 (Adjusted ERA+ of 150) in 466-2/3 innings pitched. He also led the league with a career-high 313 strikeouts. On August 8, 1886, Clarkson struck out a team-record 16 batters against Kansas City.
The 1886 White Stockings finished with a record of 90-34 with a winning percentage of .726 that ranks as one of the highest in baseball history. After winning the National League pennant by 2-1/2 games over the Detroit Wolverines, the White Stockings faced the St. Louis Browns in the World Series for the second consecutive year.
Clarkson pitched four games (three of which were complete games) in the 1886 World Series. He had a record of 2-2 with 28 strikeouts and an ERA of 2.04 in 31 innings pitched.
The sixth game, at St. Louis, was considered one of the greatest games ever played to that time. With the Browns ahead three games to two, Anson called on Clarkson to start his fourth game in six days. Clarkson responded with seven shutout innings, but gave up three runs in the eighth inning, and the game went to extra innings. In the bottom of the tenth inning, the Browns' center fielder Curt Welch singled (only the fourth hit off Clarkson) and moved to third on a sacrifice. Welch and Browns’ third base coach Arlie Latham tried to distract Clarkson with heckling and faking moves toward home. When Welch finally attempted the steal, Chicago's catcher, King Kelly, had called for a pitchout, but Clarkson threw a wild pitch, and Welch scored the World Series winning run. [14] [15]
[edit] A 38-win season in 1887
In 1887, Clarkson was 38-21 for Chicago with 56 complete games and a 3.08 ERA. However, King Kelly was sold to Boston before the season began, and the team began a decline, dropping to third place in 1887. Clarkson, always a touchy temperament, reportedly became more difficult to handle after Kelly's departure. [16]
[edit] Boston Beaneaters (1888-1892)
[edit] A 33-win season in 1888
On April 3, 1888, the White Stockings sold Clarkson to the Boston Beaneaters for $10,000 -- a huge sum at the time. Clarkson followed teammate King Kelly, who had been sold from Chicago to Boston the previous year. Boston had paid $10,000 apiece for Kelly and Clarkson, and they became known as the “$20,000 Battery.”
Clarkson pitched five great seasons for Boston. He was 33-20 in 1888, starting 54 games and pitching 53 complete games with an ERA of 2.76.
[edit] A 49-win season in 1889
The 1889 season was Clarkson’s best for Boston. He started a career-high 72 games and had an astounding record of 49-19 with 68 complete games, 284 strikeouts, and a 2.70 ERA in 620 innings pitched.
While Clarkson’s 1889 numbers are comparable to those he posted in 1885, the game and distance to the plate had changed, and no other pitcher pitched nearly as many games or innings as Clarkson in 1889. As a measure of his dominance, Clarkson’s 49 wins were 11 more than any other pitcher; his 620 innings were 200 more than any other pitcher; and his 68 complete games were 22 more than any other pitcher. He also had twice as many shutouts as the next best pitcher. He was only the fourth pitcher to win the pitching Triple Crown, by leading the National League in wins, ERA and strikeouts.
On June 4, 1889, Clarkson became the first pitcher in major league history to strike out three batters on nine pitches, in the third inning of a 4-2 win over the Philadelphia Quakers.
[edit] Later years in Boston
Clarkson became involved in the players' rebellion in 1890, but then opted to remain with the Beaneaters. [17]
In 1891, Clarkson helped lead the Beaneaters to the National League pennant. Clarkson led the team with a 33-19 record, 47 complete games, and 460-2/3 innings pitched.
During a game that carried into the dusk hours, Clarkson once pitched a lemon to the plate to persuade the umpire, Jack Kerins to call the game due to darkness. Kerins called the lemon a strike, and when shown by Boston’s catcher that he had called a lemon a strike, Kerins finally called the game. [18][19]
[edit] Cleveland Spiders (1892-1893)
On June 30, 1892, after 16 starts and a 8–6 record, Boston's new manager, Frank Selee, released Clarkson. He was signed as a free agent by the Cleveland Spiders. Clarkson went 17-10 for the remainder of the 1892 season, for a season record of 25-16.
Clarkson was no longer the ace with the Spiders. The Spiders’ pitching staff included Cy Young, who won 36 games in 1892 and 34 games in 1893.
In 1893, Clarkson had the first losing record of his career, finishing 16-17 with a career-high ERA of 4.45.
After the 1893 season, Clarkson went on a hunting trip with his close friend Charlie Bennett, who had been his catcher from 1888-1890. Bennett got off the train in Wellsville, Kansas and when he tried to reboard, Bennett slipped and fell under the train’s wheels. Bennett lost both of his legs in the accident. Clarkson witnessed the incident, and it was said to have severely affected his already unstable nature.
In 1894, Clarkson pitched his final year in the major leagues, playing his last game on July 12, 1894 and finishing 8-10 in 18 starts for the Spiders.
[edit] Life after baseball
After his baseball career ended, Clarkson moved to Bay City, Michigan and ran a cigar store there until 1906. [20] [21]
In either 1905 [22] or 1906 [23], Clarkson suffered a breakdown, was declared insane, and was committed to an insane asylum. Clarkson spent much of the next three years in mental hospitals.
During a visit with family in 1909, Clarkson fell seriously ill, and was admitted to the McLean Hospital in Waltham, Massachusetts, a well-known psychiatric clinic. He died there, of pneumonia, February 4, 1909, aged 47. [24] [25]
[edit] Notable Achievements
- National League pitching Triple Crown (1889)
- National League ERA leader (1889)
- National League wins leader (1885, 1887 and 1889)
- National League winning percentage leader (1889)
- National League innings pitched leader (1885 and 1887-1889)
- National League strikeouts leader (1885, 1887 and 1889)
- National League complete games leader (1885, 1887 and 1889)
- Six 30-win seasons (1885-1889 and 1891)
- Two 40-win seasons (1885 and 1889)
- 53 wins in 1885 is second most in MLB history
- Two seasons with 600 innings pitched (1885 and 1889)
- Two 300 strikeout seasons (1885 and 1886)
[edit] See also
- 300 win club
- List of Major League Baseball leaders in career wins
- Triple Crown
- List of Major League Baseball ERA champions
- List of Major League Baseball saves champions
- List of Major League Baseball strikeout champions
- List of Major League Baseball wins champions
- Pitchers who have struck out three batters on nine pitches
- Top 100 strikeout pitchers of all time
- MLB all-time leaders in home runs by pitchers
- Major League Baseball titles leaders
- List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
[edit] External links
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference
- baseballhalloffame.org – Hall of Fame biography page
- New York Times Obituary for Clarkson
- BaseballLibrary.com Profile
- Top 100 Cubbies Site Profile of Clarkson
- 19th Century Baseball Site Profile of Clarkson
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