James Dobson

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James Dobson
Born	April 21, 1936 (1936-04-21) (age 72) Shreveport, Louisiana
Nationality	American
Education	Point Loma Nazarene University University of Southern California
Occupation	Psychologist Author Radio Broadcaster
Title	Chairman of the Board
Political party	Republican
Board member of	Focus on the Family
Religious beliefs	Christian
Spouse	Shirley Dobson
Children	Danae Dobson Ryan Dobson

James Clayton "Jim" Dobson (born April 21, 1936 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is the chairman of the board of Focus on the Family, a nonprofit organization he founded in 1977. In this function, he produces the daily radio program Focus on the Family, which is broadcast in more than a dozen languages and on over 7,000 stations worldwide, and heard daily by more than 220 million people in 164 countries.^{[1] [2]} Focus on the Family is also carried by about 60 U.S. television stations daily.^[1] He founded the Family Research Council in 1981.

He is an evangelical Christian^[3] with conservative views on theology and politics.^{[citation needed]} He was recently named "The Most Influential Evangelical Leader in America" by Christianity Today magazine, and many^[who?] see him as the successor to evangelical leaders Billy Graham, Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson.^{[citation needed]}. In January 24, 1989, he was able to interview America's most notorious serial killer, Ted Bundy right before Bundy's execution. ^[4]

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Background 1.2 Degrees, positions and awards 2 Social views 2.1 Views on marriage 2.2 Views on schooling 2.3 Views on discipline within the family 2.4 Views on tolerance and diversity 2.5 Views on homosexuality 3 Political and social influence 4 Books 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Biography

[edit] Background

James C. Dobson Jr. was born to Myrtle and James Dobson, and from his earliest childhood, religion was a central part of his life. He once told a reporter that he learned to pray before he learned to talk. In fact, he says he gave his life to Jesus at the age of three, in response to an altar call by his father. (Paul Apostolidis, "Stations of the Cross," Duke University Press, 2000, p. 22) He is the son, grandson, and great-grandson of Nazarene evangelists. To this day, he remains a member of this evangelical denomination, the largest denomination to come out of the 19th century Holiness Movement.^[5] His father, James Dobson Sr., (1911-1977) never went to college, choosing instead the life of a traveling evangelist. Pastor Dobson was well-known in the southwest, and he and Mrs. Dobson often took their young son along so that he could watch his father preach. Theirs was a patriarchal home, in which Mrs. Dobson always deferred to her husband in every major decision. Like most Nazarenes, dancing and going to movies were forbidden, so young "Jimmie Lee" (as he was called) concentrated on his studies, and also became good at tennis. (Laura Stepp, "The Empire Built on Family and Faith." Washington Post, 8 August 1990, pp. C1-3)

But James Jr. was drawn to the study of psychology, which in the 50s and 60s was not looked upon favorably by most evangelicals. He came to believe that he was being called to become a Christian counselor or perhaps a Christian psychologist. (Apostolidis, 22) He decided to pursue a degree in psychology, and ultimately received his doctorate in that field in 1967.

Dobson first became well-known with the publication of Dare to Discipline, a book that became a cultural phenomenon among followers.^{[citation needed]} Dobson's social and political opinions are widely read among many evangelical church congregations in the United States.^{[citation needed]} Dobson publishes monthly bulletins also called Focus on the Family which are dispensed as inserts in some Sunday church service bulletins.^{[citation needed]}

Dobson and his wife Shirley have two children, Danae and Ryan. Ryan Dobson, who graduated from Biola University in L.A., is a public speaker in his own right^{[citation needed]}, often^[specify] speaking on issues relating to youth, the philosophical belief in ontological truth, and the pro-life movement. Ryan Dobson was adopted by the Dobsons and is an ardent supporter of adoption, especially adoption of troubled children.

[edit] Degrees, positions and awards

Dr. Dobson attended Pasadena College (now Point Loma Nazarene University)^[6] where he was team captain of the tennis team and later returned to coach in 1968-1969. Dobson earned a doctorate in child development from the University of Southern California in 1967. He was an Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Southern California School of Medicine for fourteen years. He spent seventeen years on the staff of the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles in the Division of Child Development and Medical Genetics. Dobson is no longer a licensed psychologist as his California license expired in April 2008.^[7].

At the invitation of Presidents and Attorneys General^{[citation needed]}, Dobson has also served on government advisory panels and testified at several government hearings. Among many other awards^[specify], he has been given the "Layman of the Year" award by the National Association of Evangelicals in 1982, "The Children's Friend" honor by Childhelp USA (an advocate agency against child abuse) in 1987, and the Humanitarian Award by the California Psychological Association in 1988. In 2005, Dobson received an honorary doctorate (his 16th and most recent) from Indiana Wesleyan University and was inducted into IWU's Society of World Changers, while speaking at the university's Academic Convocation ^[8].

[edit] Social views

[edit] Views on marriage

James Dobson is a strong proponent of what he calls the traditional Christian view of marriage.^[9] According to his view, women are not deemed inferior to men because both are created in God's image, but each gender has biblically-mandated roles.^[10] He recommends that married women with children under the age of 18 focus on mothering, rather than work for income outside the home. He believes this provides a stable environment for growing children.^[11]

In the 2004 book Marriage Under Fire: Why We Must Win This Battle, Dobson explains what he believes to be the Bible's view of marriage. Dobson suggests that falling heterosexual marriage rates in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden^{[citation needed]} are due to the recognition of same-sex relationships by those countries during the 1990s (pp. 8-9). He remarks that traditional marriage "is rapidly dying" in these countries^{[citation needed]} as a result, with most young people cohabiting or choosing to remain single (living alone) and illegitimacy rates rising in some Norwegian counties up to 80%.^{[citation needed]} Dobson writes that "every civilization in the world has been built upon [heterosexual marriage]," (p. 7) and describes the institution of marriage as "the bedrock of culture in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and even Antarctica" (p. 8). He also believes that homosexuality is a learned moral choice, citing, among other things, actress Anne Heche^{[citation needed]}, and other individuals^[who?] who practiced homosexuality and do not anymore. Criticising "the realities of judicial tyranny," Dobson has written that "[t]here is no issue today that is more significant to our culture than the defense of the family. Not even the war on terror eclipses it" (pp. 84-85).

[edit] Views on schooling

Dobson and Focus on the Family support private school vouchers and tax credits for religious schools, and they reject education efforts that support or normalize homosexuality.^{[citation needed]} According to Focus on the Family website, Dr. Dobson believes that parents are ultimately responsible for their children's education. He encourages parents to visit their children's schools to ask questions and to join the PTA so that they may voice their opinions.^[12] Dobson opposes sex education curricula that are not abstinence-only. According to critics^[who?], concerned citizens use Focus on the Family's material when challenging a book or curriculum in the public schools.^{[citation needed]} Focus on the Family encourages Christian teachers to establish prayer groups in public schools.^{[citation needed]} Dobson supports student-led prayer in public schools.

[edit] Views on discipline within the family

In his book Dare to Discipline, Dobson advocated the spanking of children of up to eight years old when they misbehave, but warns that "corporal punishment should not be a frequent occurrence" and that "discipline must not be harsh and destructive to the child's spirit." He does not advocate what he considers harsh spanking because he thinks "It is not necessary to beat the child into submission; a little bit of pain goes a long way for a young child. However, the spanking should be of sufficient magnitude to cause the child to cry genuinely."^[13]

Dobson recognizes the dangers of child abuse, and therefore considers disciplining children to be a necessary but unpleasant part of raising children that should only be carried out by qualified parents: "Anyone who has ever abused a child—or has ever felt himself losing control during a spanking—should not expose the child to that tragedy. Anyone who has a violent temper that at times becomes unmanageable should not use that approach. Anyone who secretly 'enjoys' the administration of corporal punishment should not be the one to implement it."^[14]

In his book The Strong-Willed Child, Dobson suggests that if authority is portrayed correctly to a child, the child will understand how to interact with other authority figures: "By learning to yield to the loving authority... of his parents, a child learns to submit to other forms of authority which will confront him later in his life—his teachers, school principal, police, neighbors and employers."^[15]

Dobson stresses that parents must uphold their authority and do so consistently, comparing the relationship between parents and disobedient children to a battle: "When you are defiantly challenged, win decisively."^[13] In The Strong-Willed Child, Dobson draws an analogy between the defiance of a family pet and that of a small child, and concludes that "just as surely as a dog will occasionally challenge the authority of his leaders, so will a little child — only more so.^[13] (emphasis in original)

When asked "How long do you think a child should be allowed to cry after being punished? Is there a limit?" Dobson responded:

"Yes, I believe there should be a limit. As long as the tears represent a genuine release of emotion, they should be permitted to fall. But crying quickly changes from inner sobbing to an expression of protest... Real crying usually lasts two minutes or less but may continue for five. After that point, the child is merely complaining, and the change can be recognized in the tone and intensity of his voice. I would require him to stop the protest crying, usually by offering him a little more of whatever caused the original tears. In younger children, crying can easily be stopped by getting them interested in something else."^[16]

[edit] Views on tolerance and diversity

Dobson has contended that "tolerance and diversity" are "buzzwords" that the We Are Family Foundation misused as part of a hidden agenda to promote homosexuality. He stated in the February 2005 edition of the Focus on the Family newsletter that "childhood symbols are apparently being hijacked to promote an agenda that involves teaching homosexual propaganda to children."^[17] He offered as evidence the association of many leading LGBT rights organizations, including GLAAD, GLSEN, HRC, and PFLAG, with the We Are Family Foundation and the foundation's distribution of elementary school lesson plans which included discussions of compulsory heterosexuality.^{[18][verification needed]}

The We Are Family Foundation countered that Dobson had mistaken their organization with "an unrelated Web site belonging to another group called 'We Are Family,' which supports gay youth."^[19] A spokesman for the foundation suggested that anyone who thought the video promoted homosexuality "needs to visit their doctor and get their medication increased."^[20] Dobson contended that the controversial material had been removed by the We Are Family Foundation following their remarks to the press, stating that Focus on the Family obtained "clear documentation that these materials were being promoted on the Web site."^[21]

[edit] Views on homosexuality

Dobson believes that homosexuality is but a preference that is influenced through the child's environment. In his view any sexual activity outside of marriage including homosexuality, deviates from the God-ordained male-female marriage, which he describes as the central stabilizing institution of society. He states that homosexual behavior has been and can be corrected through some type of Conversion therapy, such as counseling. His Focus on the Family ministry sponsors the monthly conference Love Won Out, where participants hear "powerful stories of ex-gay men and women."^[22] In regards to the conference, he said "Gay activists come with pre-conceived notions about who we are and what we believe and about the hate that boils from within, which is simply not true. Regardless of what the media might say, Focus on the Family has no interest in promoting hatred toward homosexuals or anyone else. We also don't wish to deprive them of their basic constitutional rights. The Constitution applies to all of us."^[23] Dobson strongly opposes the movement to legitimize same-sex relationships^[who?]. In his book Bringing Up Boys, Dobson states that "Homosexuals deeply resent being told that they selected this same-sex inclination in pursuit of sexual excitement or some other motive."^[24]

Dobson has been quoted as saying that it is the responsibility of a father to raise his son to be a "man", and to encourage his masculinity.^[who?]

Dobson is a licensed psychologist in California^[7] and often couches his views on homosexuality in terms of psychology, despite mainstream psychological and mental health organizations having rejected his view that homosexuality is abnormal and treatable.^[25][26] (See Homosexuality and psychology.)

Dobson has been criticized for claiming that sociological studies show that gay couples do not make good couples; sociologist Judith Stacey, the author of one such study, responded that Dobson's claim "is a direct misrepresentation of my research."^[27] In response to Dobson's claim that "there have been more than ten thousand studies that have showed [sic] that children do best when they are raised with a mother and a father who are committed to each other," Stacey replied that "[a]ll of those studies that Dobson is referring to are studies that did not include gay or lesbian parents as part of the research base."^[28]

Dobson believes that bills expanding the prohibition of sexual-orientation-based discrimination will lead to, "a predator, bisexual, cross-dresser or even a homosexual or heterosexual male might walk in and relieve himself in their [a females] presence."Anti-bias measure inked

[edit] Political and social influence

Although Dobson initially remained somewhat distant from Washington politics^{[citation needed]}, in 1981 he founded the Family Research Council as a political arm through which Biblical values^[which?] could achieve greater political influence.^{[citation needed]}

In late 2004, Dobson led a campaign with social conservatives^[who?] to block the appointment of Arlen Specter to head of the Senate Judiciary Committee because of Specter's stance on abortion. Responding to a question by Alan Colmes on whether he wanted the Republican Party to be known as a "big-tent party," he replied, "I don't want to be in the big tent... I think the party ought to stand for something."[3] In 2006, Family Research Council spent more than a half million dollars to promote a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in its home state of Colorado.[4]

On January 1, 2005, The Washington Times reported that Dobson promised six Democratic senators "a battle of enormous proportions" if they filibustered conservative appointees to the U.S. Supreme Court. "He singled out six Democrats up for re-election [in 2006]: Ben Nelson of Nebraska, Mark Dayton of Minnesota, Robert Byrd of West Virginia, Kent Conrad of North Dakota, Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico and Bill Nelson of Florida." According to a 2005 Washington Times article, in 2004 Dobson played an important role in the defeat of then-Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle.[5] Five of the six senators went on to win reelection and the sixth, Dayton, was succeeded in office by another Democrat.^{[citation needed]}

Dobson's Family Research Council is identified as an dominionist organization by TheocracyWatch^[29][30], which says that the Congressional scorecard of the Family Research Council illustrates its success and the strength of dominionists in Congress.^[31] It is claimed^[who?] that Dobson's teachings include many tenets of the Dominionist movement.^[32]

Dobson is cited by social observers and the press^[who?] as a leading figure in the Dominionism movement.^[33][34] A May 2005 article in Harpers described Dobson as "perhaps the most powerful figure in the Dominionist movement" and "a crucial player in getting out the Christian vote for George W. Bush."^[35] One ministry described Dobson as "One of its [the Dominionism movement] most powerful leaders."^[36]

In November 2004, Dobson was described by the online magazine Slate.com as "America's most influential evangelical leader."^[37] The article explained "Forget Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson, who in their dotage have marginalized themselves with gaffes... Dobson is now America's most influential evangelical leader, with a following reportedly greater than that of either Falwell or Robertson at his peak... Dobson may have delivered Bush his victories in Ohio and Florida.^[37] Further, "He's already leveraging his new power. When a thank-you call came from the White House, Dobson issued the staffer a blunt warning that Bush 'needs to be more aggressive' about pressing the religious right's pro-life, anti-gay rights agenda, or it would 'pay a price in four years.'... Dobson has sometimes complained that the Republican party may take the votes of social conservatives for granted, and has suggested that evangelicals may withhold support from the GOP if the party does not more strongly support conservative family issues: "Does the Republican Party want our votes, no string attached--to court us every two years, and then to say, 'Don't call me, I'll call you'--and not to care about the moral law of the universe? ... Is that what they want? Is that the way the system works? Is this the way it's going to be? If it is, I'm gone, and if I go, I will do everything I can to take as many people with me as possible."^[2]

However, in 2006, Dobson said that, while "there is disillusionment out there with Republicans" and "that worries me greatly," he nonetheless suggested voters turn out and vote Republican in 2006. "My first inclination was to sit this one out," but according to The New York Times, Dobson then added that "he had changed his mind when he looked at who would become the leaders of Congressional committees if the Democrats took over."^[38]

Dobson garnered national media attention once again in February 2008 after releasing a statement in the wake of Senator John McCain's expected success in the so-called "Super Tuesday" Republican primary elections. In his statement, Dobson said: "I cannot, and will not, vote for Sen. John McCain, as a matter of conscience," and indicated that he would refrain from voting altogether were Senator McCain to become the Republican candidate, echoing other conservative commentators' concerns about the Senator's conservatism. ^[39] He has since endorsed Mike Huckabee for president.

Dobson is a frequent guest on Fox News Channel, espousing his conservative political views.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Books

Dobson has authored or co-authored over 31 books, including:

• Bringing Up Boys: Practical Advice and Encouragement for Those Shaping the Next Generation of Men, Focus on the Family 2003, ISBN 0-8423-5266-X
• Dare to Discipline. Bantam, 1982. ISBN 0-553-20346-0
• Emotions: Can You Trust Them?
• The Focus on the Family Complete Book of Baby and Child Care (with Paul C. Reisser)
• Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America? - contributing author (Amerisearch, 2005) ISBN 0-9753455-6-7
• Life on the Edge
• Love Must Be Tough: New Hope for Families in Crisis
• Marriage Under Fire: Why We Must Win This Battle, Multnomah Publishers, Inc. (Sisters, Oregon), July 2004
• The New Dare to Discipline
• Night Light: A Devotional for Couples (with his wife Shirley Dobson)
• Night Light for Parents (with Shirley Dobson)
• Parenting Isn't for Cowards
• Preparing for Adolescence ISBN 0-8307-3826-6
• Solid Answers
• Stories of Heart and Home
• Straight Talk to Men
• Straight Talk: What Men Should Know, What Women Need to Understand
• The Complete Marriage and Family Home Reference Guide
• The Strong-Willed Child. Living Books, 1992. ISBN 0-8423-5924-9
• What Wives Wish Their Husbands Knew About Women
• When God Doesn't Make Sense

Dobson also served on the committee that wrote the Meese Report on pornography.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Find more about James Dobson on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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• Focus on the Family - Official website
• Focus on the Family, Canada
• James Dobson's ProCon.org Biography
• "And on the Eighth Day, Dr. Dobson Created Himself" - Article by Eileen Welsome in 5280 Magazine